18.3 Moderation Model
A typical moderation model is represented as:
\[ Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X + \beta_2 M + \beta_3 X \times M + \varepsilon \]
where:
\(\beta_0\): Intercept
\(\beta_1\): Main effect of \(X\)
\(\beta_2\): Main effect of \(M\)
\(\beta_3\): Interaction effect of \(X\) and \(M\)
If \(\beta_3\) is significant, it suggests that the effect of \(X\) on \(Y\) depends on \(M\).