22.1 Principles of Experimental Design

A well-designed experiment follows three key principles:

1. Randomization: Ensures that subjects or experimental units are assigned to different groups randomly, eliminating selection bias.
2. Replication: Increases the precision of estimates by repeating the experiment on multiple subjects.
3. Control: Isolates the effect of treatments by using control groups or baseline conditions to minimize confounding factors.

In addition to these, blocking and factorial designs further refine experimental accuracy.

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