14.5 Example: Skipping breakfast
The data in Table 14.6 come from a study of Iranian children aged 6–18 years old (Kelishadi et al. 2017). From this table:
- The proportion of females who skipped breakfast is ˆpF=2383/6640=0.359;
- The proportion of males who skipped breakfast is ˆpM=1944/6846=0.284.
Also,
- Odds(Skips breakfast, among F)=2383/4257=0.5598;
- Odds(Skips breakfast, among M)=1944/4902=0.3966.
For example, about 55.98 females skip breakfast for every 100 females who eat breakfast. The odds ratio (OR) comparing the odds of skipping breakfast, comparing females to males, is
OR=Odds(Skipping breakfast, for females)Odds(Skipping breakfast, for males)=0.55980.3966=1.41; the odds of females skipping breakfast are 1.41 times the odds of males skipping breakfast. The data can then be summarised numerically (Table 14.7).
Skips breakfast | Doesn’t skip breakfast | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
Females | 2383 | 4257 | 6640 |
Males | 1944 | 4902 | 6846 |
Percentage | Odds | Sample size | |
---|---|---|---|
Females | 35.9 | 0.560 | 6640 |
Males | 28.4 | 0.397 | 6846 |
Odds ratio | 1.412 |
References
Kelishadi R, Mozafarian N, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Safiri S, Ardalan G, et al. Is snack consumption associated with meal skipping in children and adolescents? The CASPIAN-IV study. Eat Weight Disorders. 2017;22:321–8.