4.1 Quick revision
We strongly recommend trying these Quick revision questions before your tutorial.
A study of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in adults with Down Syndrome (de Carvalho et al. 2020) had n=60 adults (27 females; 33 males) undergo a sleep study. The data are shown in Fig. 4.1.
- Which of these would be an inappropriate numerical summary for the age of the participants?
- What might be an appropriate way to numerically describe the amount of variation in the ages of participants?
- What might be an appropriate way to numerically describe the average Respiratory Event Index (REI) of participants?
- What might be an appropriate way to numerically describe the gender of the participants?
- In the sample of n=60, what percentage of individuals are females?
- In the sample of n=60, what are the odds that an individual is female?
- Age is quantitative, so odds are not appropriate (odds are used with qualitative data).
- Variation is measured using standard deviation or IQR.
- The average value (of a quantitative variable) can be described using a mean or a median.
- Percentages or odds can be used to numerically summarise a qualitative variable like gender.
- 27/60×100=45%.
- 27/33=0.8181.
FIGURE 4.1: The Obstructive sleep apnoea data set
References
de Carvalho AA, Amorim FF, Santana LA, de Almeida KJQ, Santana ANC, Neves F de AR. STOP-Bang questionnaire should be used in all adults with Down Syndrome to screen for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. PloS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0232596.