## 6.3 CIs for one proportion

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a method for maintaining an open airway or as a method for administering certain drugs for ill patients.

ETI is widely used for airway management of children in the out-of-hospital setting, but for many years little evidence was available on the effect of using ETI.

A study examined the use of ETI for airway management of children in the out-of-hospital setting .

1. For the BVM sample, 123 out of the 404 patients survived. For those receiving BVM, compute the sample odds of a patient who survived.
2. For the BVM sample, 123 out of the 404 patients survived. For those receiving BVM, compute an estimate of the population proportion of patients who survive.
3. Explain the difference between the meaning of the two above calculations.
4. In another sample of 404 patients who received the BVM treatment, would we expect to find exactly 123 surviving? Why or why not?

1. Compute the standard error, which indicates the sampling variability in the estimate of $$p$$. Explain what is meant by the term 'sampling variation' in this context.
2. Every time a new sample is chosen, the sample will likely yield a different value for $$\hat{p}$$. Sketch the distribution that shows how much the value of $$\hat{p}$$ is likely to change from one sample to the next.
3. Compute an approximate 95% confidence interval for the population proportion based on the sample proportion.
4. Write a sentence communicating this confidence interval.
5. Confirm that the conditions necessary for this calculation to be statistically valid are met.
6. If the researchers wished to estimate the true survival proportion to within give-or-take 0.01 with 95% confidence, would the sample size need to be larger or smaller?
7. For the ETI sample, 110 out of 416 patients survived. Use this information to construct a two-way table of treatment against survival.
8. Select a graphical summary that could be used to display the information. Sketch this display.
9. From this table, compute the odds ratio of a BVM patient not surviving compared to an ETI patient not surviving. Interpret this value.
10. What did you learn about using ETI on children? Would you prefer to recommend ETI or BVM on children? What other information would you need to help make your decision?

### References

Gausche M, Lewis RJ, Stratton SJ, Haynes BE, Gunter CS, Goodrich SM, et al. Effect of out-of-hospital pediatric endotracheal intubation on survival and neurological outcome: A controlled clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000;283(6):783–90.