C.6 Other symbols and abbreviations used

Symbol or abbreviation Meaning Textbook reference
RQ Research question Chap. 2
s Sample standard deviation Sect. 11.7.2
σ Population standard deviation Sect. 11.7.2
sd Sample standard deviation of differences Sect. 11.7.2
σd Population standard deviation of differences Sect. 11.7.2
R2 R-squared Sect. 16.4.2
H0 Null hypothesis Sect. 28.2
H1 Alternative hypothesis Sect. 28.2
CI Confidence interval Chap. 24
s.e. Standard error Def. 19.4
n Sample size Def. 2.21
χ2 The chi-squared test statistic Sect. 31.6.3
± Plus-or-minus (give-or-take) Sect. 22.3