Chapter 1 Lagrangian

\[\begin{align} & {\cal L}= {\cal L}_0+ {\cal L}_1+ {\cal L}_{IZ_2} \\ &{\cal L}_0= \frac{1}{2} \partial_\mu \varphi_0\partial_\mu \varphi_0 +\frac{1}{2}m_0^2 \varphi_0^2 +\lambda_0 \varphi_0^4 \\ &{\cal L}_1=\frac{1}{2} \partial_\mu \varphi_1\partial_\mu \varphi_1 +\frac{1}{2}m_1^2 \varphi_1^2+\lambda_1 \varphi_1^4 \\ &{\cal L}_{IZ_2}= \mu \varphi_0^2 \varphi_1^2 \\ &{\cal L}_{I}= g \varphi_1 \varphi_0^3 \end{align}\] On the lattice we can discretise the derivative \(\partial_\mu \varphi(x)=\frac{1}{a}(\varphi(x+\mu)-\varphi(x))\). On the lattice the above lagrangian can be written in a more convenient way for simulations \[\begin{align} &{\cal L}_0= \sum_{x}\left[ -2\kappa_0\sum_\mu \phi_0(x) \phi_0({x+\mu}) +\lambda_L^0 \left( \phi_0(x)^2-1\right)^2+ \phi_0(x)^2 \right]\,,\\ &{\cal L}_1= \sum_{x}\left[ -2\kappa_1\sum_\mu \phi_1(x) \phi_1({x+\mu}) +\lambda_L^1 \left( \phi_1(x)^2-1\right)^2+ \phi_1(x)^2 \right]\,,\\ &{\cal L}_{IZ_2}= \mu_L \sum_{x} \phi_0(x)^2 \phi_1(x)^2 \,,\\ &{\cal L}_{I}= g_L \sum_{x} \phi_1(x) \phi_0(x)^3 \,. \end{align}\] With \[\begin{align} & m_0^2=\frac{1-2\lambda_L^0}{\kappa_0}-8\,,\quad \lambda_0=\frac{\lambda_L^0}{4\kappa_0^2}\,,\quad \varphi_0=\sqrt{2\kappa_0}\phi_0\\ & m_1^2=\frac{1-2\lambda_L^1}{\kappa_1}-8\,,\quad \lambda_1=\frac{\lambda_L^1}{4\kappa_1^2} \,,\quad \varphi_1=\sqrt{2\kappa_1}\phi_1 \,, \end{align}\] and \[\begin{align} \mu=\frac{\mu_L}{4\kappa_0\kappa_1} \,,\quad g=\frac{g_L}{4\sqrt{\kappa_0}\kappa_1^{3/2}} \end{align}\]

1.0.0.1 necessary to set up the rendering inside loops rendering