3.5 Environmental Factors

Nepal is a country with highly variable topographies in short distances.

Figure 3.25: Topography of Nepal

Global warming trends are more prevalent in the highlands than in the lowlands; there is also an increasing trend of extreme precipitation events in the country!

Because of global warming, there is also a trend in the decline of cool days; diminishing snow on glaciers also further increase the surface temperature!

3.5.1 Climate change and VBDs in Nepal

Not only do VBDs expand their geographical range, but there is also a reduction in the over-wintering mortality of vectors.

Furthermore, there is also an increasing length of transmission seasons and epidemic potential.