4.1 The term “causality”

  • = “Causation” = “Cause and Effect” (Wikipedia)
  • Agency that connects one process (the cause) with another process called effect/outcome/response
  • 1st process (partly) responsible for 2nd, and 2nd dependent on the first
  • Equifinality: An outcome may have many causes - causal factors for it - and all lie in its past
    • Q: At age 40 both Sarah and Debbie both have an income (Y) of 5000 Euros. How could this be an example for equifinality?
  • Outcome can be a cause of many other effects
  • Causality temporally bound
    • Causes always precede their dependent effects