4.6 Potential outcomes framework (1)

  • Causality tied to action applied to unit at particular point in time (Imbens and Rubin 2015, 4)13
  • Unit exposed to treatment could have been exposed to control
  • Visualization: Decision tree (e.g. Imbens and Rubin 2015) or line graph on next slide (Bauer 2016)

References

Bauer, Paul C. 2016. “The Visual Display of Causal Relationships.”

Imbens, Guido W, and Donald B Rubin. 2015. Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.

  1. Imbens and Rubin (2015, 4) conceptualize the same individual at a different time as a different unit.↩