Appendix B: AI & LLMs & data visualization

1 Using LLMs/foundationa models to built predictive models

1.1 Attention: Hallucination..

• Attention: Always cross-validate the information given by a LLM
  • Why? Hallucination.. (see characterization statements on Wikipedia)
    • “a tendency to invent facts in moments of uncertainty” (OpenAI, May 2023)
    • “a model’s logical mistakes” (OpenAI, May 2023)
    • fabricating information entirely, but behaving as if spouting facts (CNBC, May 2023)
    • “making up information” (The Verge, February 2023)
• Very good overview on Wikipedia
• Discussions in (Zhang2023-ok?), (Huang2023-zf?) and (Metz2023-qz?)

1.2 Avaible LLMs

• Closed-source
  • ChatGPT X (OpenAI, ~Microsoft): https://chat.openai.com/
  • Gemini (Google) https://gemini.google.com/
  • Amazon Titan: https://aws.amazon.com/bedrock/titan/
• Open-source
  • HuggingChat: https://huggingface.co/chat/
• Curated list of papers about large language models
• Top Open-Source LLMs for 2024 and Their Uses

1.3 Useful prompts

• LLMs can be used to generate code for data visualization

I have a dataset called "data" that includes the variable age. Please provide me with ggplot code to produce a histogram.


Please explain the code (add comments to the code).


I want to change the x-axis lables (angle 50%).

I can I encode data dimensions in a graph? What possibilities do I have?

How can I ideally visualize a linegraph where the two lines are perfectly overlapping each other but I want to visualize just that.