Appendix: Codebooks
ANES20
| Variable | Variable Descriptions |
|---|---|
| version | Version of ANES 2020 Time Series Release |
| V200001 | 2020 Case ID |
| V200010a | Full sample pre-election weight |
| V200010b | Full sample post-election weight |
| V200010c | Full sample variance unit |
| V200010d | Full sample variance stratum |
| V201006 | PRE: How interested in following campaigns |
| V201114 | PRE: Are things in the country on right track |
| V201119 | PRE: How happy R feels about how things are going in the country |
| V201120 | PRE: How worried R feels about how things are going in the country |
| V201121 | PRE: How proud R feels about how things are going in the country |
| V201122 | PRE: How irritated R feels about how things are going in the country |
| V201123 | PRE: How nervous R feels about how things are going in the country |
| V201129x | PRE: SUMMARY: Approve or disapprove President handling job |
| V201151 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Joe Biden, Democratic Presidential candidate |
| V201152 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Donald Trump, Republican Presidential candidate |
| V201153 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Kamala Harris, Democratic Vice-Presidential candidate |
| V201154 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Mike Pence, Republican Vice-Presidential candidate |
| V201155 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Barack Obama |
| V201156 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Democratic Party |
| V201157 | PRE: Feeling Thermometer: Republican Party |
| V201200 | PRE: 7pt scale liberal-conservative self-placement |
| V201201 | PRE: If R had to choose liberal or conservative self-placemt |
| V201202 | PRE: 7pt scale liberal-conservative: Democratic Presidential candidate |
| V201203 | PRE: 7pt scale liberal-conservative: Republican Presidential candidate |
| V201217 | PRE: Who does R think will be elected President |
| V201219 | PRE: Which Presidential candidate will carry state |
| V201231x | PRE: SUMMARY: Party ID |
| V201232 | PRE: Party identity importance |
| V201233 | PRE: How often trust government in Washington to do what is right [revised] |
| V201237 | PRE: How often can people be trusted |
| V201249 | PRE: 7pt scale defense spending: self-placement |
| V201252 | PRE: 7pt scale gov-private medical insurance scale: self-placement |
| V201262 | PRE: 7pt scale environment-business tradeoff: self-placement |
| V201308x | PRE: SUMMARY: Federal Budget Spending: Tightening border security |
| V201314x | PRE: SUMMARY: Federal Budget Spending: welfare programs |
| V201320x | PRE: SUMMARY: Federal Budget Spending: aid to the poor |
| V201327x | PRE: SUMMARY: National economy better or worse in last year |
| V201330x | PRE: SUMMARY: Economy better or worse in next 12 months |
| V201333x | PRE: SUMMARY: Unemployment better or worse in last year |
| V201336 | PRE: STD Abortion: self-placement |
| V201337 | PRE: Importance of abortion issue to R |
| V201340 | PRE: Abortion rights Supreme Court |
| V201346 | PRE: During last year, US position in world weaker or stronger |
| V201351 | PRE: Votes counted accurately |
| V201352 | PRE: Trust election officials |
| V201353 | PRE: How often people denied right to vote |
| V201354 | PRE: Favor or oppose vote by mail |
| V201359x | PRE: SUMMARY: Favor/oppose requiring ID when voting |
| V201360 | PRE: Favor or oppose allowing felons to vote |
| V201377 | PRE: How much trust in news media |
| V201382x | PRE: SUMMARY: Corruption increased or decreased since Trump |
| V201384 | PRE: Favor or oppose House impeachment decision |
| V201387 | PRE: Favor or oppose Senate acquittal decision |
| V201390 | PRE: Federal government response to COVID-19 |
| V201393 | PRE: Limits placed on public activity due to COVID-19 too strict or not |
| V201397 | PRE: Income gap today more or less than 20 years ago |
| V201401 | PRE: Government action about rising temperatures |
| V201405x | PRE: SUMMARY: Require employers to offer paid leave to parents of new children |
| V201406 | PRE: Services to same sex couples |
| V201409 | PRE: Transgender policy |
| V201412 | PRE: Does R favor/oppose laws protect gays/lesbians against job discrimination |
| V201415 | PRE: Should gay and lesbian couples be allowed to adopt |
| V201416 | PRE: R position on gay marriage |
| V201418 | PRE: Favor or oppose ending birthright citizenship |
| V201421 | PRE: Should children brought illegally be sent back or allowed to stay |
| V201424 | PRE: Favor or oppose building a wall on border with Mexico |
| V201433 | PRE: Is religion important part of R life [revised] |
| V201435 | PRE: What is present religion of R |
| V201436 | PRE: If R has no particular religion does R mean atheist or agnostic |
| V201452 | PRE: Ever attend church or religious services |
| V201453 | PRE: Attend religious services how often |
| V201457x | PRE: SUMMARY: Full religion summary |
| V201458x | PRE: SUMMARY: Major group religion summary |
| V201462 | PRE: Religious identification |
| V201502 | PRE: R how much better or worse off financially than 1 year ago |
| V201507x | PRE: SUMMARY: Respondent age |
| V201508 | PRE: Marital status |
| V201510 | PRE: Highest level of Education |
| V201511x | PRE: SUMMARY: Respondent 5 Category level of education |
| V201516 | PRE: Armed forces active duty |
| V201544 | PRE: Anyone in HH belong to labor union |
| V201545 | PRE: Who in HH belongs to union |
| V201546 | PRE: R: Are you Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino |
| V201549x | PRE: SUMMARY: R self-identified race/ethnicity |
| V201553 | PRE: Native status of parents |
| V201554 | PRE: Rs: born US, Puerto Rico, or some other country |
| V201567 | PRE: How many children in HH age 0-17 |
| V201569 | PRE: Does R use Internet at home |
| V201570 | PRE: Does R use Internet at any other location |
| V201594 | PRE: How worried is R about current financial situation |
| V201600 | PRE: What is your (R) sex? [revised] |
| V201601 | PRE: Sexual orientation of R [revised] |
| V201602 | PRE: Justified to use violence |
| V201606 | PRE: Money invested in Stock Market |
| V201617x | PRE: SUMMARY: Total (family) income |
| V201620 | PRE: Does R have health insurance |
| V201622 | PRE: R concerned about paying for health care |
| V201624 | PRE: Anyone in household tested pos for COVID-19 |
| V201627 | PRE: How often self censor |
| V201628 | PRE: How many Guns owned |
| V202013 | POST: R attend online political meetings, rallies, speeches, fundraisers |
| V202014 | POST: R go to any political meetings, rallies, speeches, dinners |
| V202015 | POST: R wear campaign button or post sign or bumper sticker |
| V202016 | POST: R do any (other) work for party or candidate |
| V202017 | POST: R contribute money to individual candidate running for public office |
| V202019 | POST: R contribute money to political party during this election year |
| V202021 | POST: R contribute to any other group that supported or opposed candidates |
| V202022 | POST: R ever discuss politics with family or friends |
| V202023 | POST: How many days in past week discussed politics with family or friends |
| V202051 | POST: R registered to vote (post-election) |
| V202072 | POST: Did R vote for President |
| V202073 | POST: For whom did R vote for President |
| V202143 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Democratic Presidential candidate: Joe Biden |
| V202144 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Republican Presidential candidate: Donald Trump |
| V202158 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Dr. Anthony Fauci |
| V202159 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Christian fundamentalists |
| V202160 | POST: Feeling thermometer: feminists |
| V202161 | POST: Feeling thermometer: liberals |
| V202162 | POST: Feeling thermometer: labor unions |
| V202163 | POST: Feeling thermometer: big business |
| V202164 | POST: Feeling thermometer: conservatives |
| V202165 | POST: Feeling thermometer: U.S. Supreme Court |
| V202166 | POST: Feeling thermometer: gay men and lesbians |
| V202167 | POST: Feeling thermometer: congress |
| V202168 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Muslims |
| V202169 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Christians |
| V202170 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Jews |
| V202171 | POST: Feeling thermometer: police |
| V202172 | POST: Feeling thermometer: transgender people |
| V202173 | POST: Feeling thermometer: scientists |
| V202174 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Black Lives Matter |
| V202175 | POST: Feeling thermometer: journalists |
| V202178 | POST: Feeling thermometer: National Rifle Association (NRA) |
| V202183 | POST: Feeling thermometer: #MeToo movement |
| V202185 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Planned Parenthood |
| V202232 | POST: What should immigration levels be |
| V202234 | POST: Favor or oppose allowing refugees to come to US |
| V202237 | POST: Effect of illegal immigration on crime rate |
| V202240 | POST: Favor or oppose providing path to citizenship |
| V202243 | POST: Favor or oppose returning unauthorized immigrants to native country |
| V202246 | POST: Favor or oppose separating children of detained immigrants |
| V202253 | POST: Less government better OR more that government should be doing |
| V202255x | POST:SUMMARY: Less or more government |
| V202261 | POST: We’d be better off if worried less about equality |
| V202300 | POST: Agree/disagree: blacks should work their way up without special favors |
| V202301 | POST: Agree/disagree: past slavery & discrimination make it difficult for blacks |
| V202302 | POST: Agree/disagree: blacks have gotten less than they deserve |
| V202303 | POST: Agree/disagree: if blacks tried harder they’d be as well off as whites |
| V202325 | POST: Favor or oppose tax on millionaires |
| V202337 | POST: Should federal government make it more difficult or easier to buy a gun |
| V202342 | POST: Favor or oppose banning ‘assault-style’ rifles |
| V202352 | POST: How would R describe social class [EGSS] |
| V202353 | POST: Is R lower middle class, middle class, upper middle class? [EGSS] |
| V202371 | POST: Does increasing diversity made US better or worse place to live |
| V202375 | POST: Favor or oppose federal program giving all citizens $12K/year (STRENGTH) |
| V202384 | POST: Attention to sexual harrassment has gone too far or not far enough |
| V202388 | POST: Favor/oppose allowing transgender people to serve in military |
| V202416 | POST: CSES5-Q05a: Out-group attitudes: minorities should adapt |
| V202418 | POST: CSES5-Q05c: Out-group attitudes: immigrants good for America’s economy |
| V202419 | POST: CSES5-Q05c: Out-group attitudes: America’s culture harmed by immigrants |
| V202475 | POST: Does R consider themself a feminist or anti-feminist |
| V202477 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Asian-Americans |
| V202478 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Asians |
| V202479 | POST: Feeling thermometer: Hispanics |
| V202480 | POST: Feeling thermometer: blacks |
| V202481 | POST: Feeling thermometer: illegal immigrants |
| V202482 | POST: Feeling thermometer: whites |
| V202491 | POST: Do police treat blacks or whites better |
| V202549 | POST: Did Russia try to interfere in 2016 presidential election or not |
| V202553 | POST: Does most scientific evidence show vaccines cause autism or not |
| V203000 | SAMPLE: Sample location FIPS state |
| V203001 | SAMPLE: Sample location state postal abbreviation |
| V203003 | SAMPLE: Census region |
| vote2pty | Two-party vote |
| vote | Trump-Biden-Other vote |
County20large
| Variable | Variable Description |
|---|---|
| statefips | State numeric ID |
| countyfips | State numeric ID |
| fips | State/County numeric ID |
| stateab | State Abbreviation |
| CountyName | County Name |
| low_brthwt | % low weight births |
| adult_smoke | % Adult smokers |
| adult_obesity | % obese adults |
| teenbirth1k | teen (15-19yrs) births/10,000 births |
| docs_10k | doctors per 10,000 population |
| flu_vacc_elder | % Medicare patients with flu vaccine |
| kid_poverty | % minors in poverty |
| vcrim100k | Violent crimes per 100,000 |
| airpollution | Average daily density of fine particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter |
| lifeexp | Life expectancy at birth |
| kid_mort100k | Death per 100,000 minors |
| Infmort1k | Infant deaths per 1000 live births |
| diabetes | % Adults w/diabetes |
| food_insec | % who did not have access to a reliable source of food during the past year |
| drug_death100k | Drug overdose deaths per 100,000 |
| mv_death100k | Motor vehicle deaths per 100,000 |
| med_HH_inc | Median household income |
| kidlunch | % of students eligible for free/discounnted lunch |
| wht_nwht_seg | Higher values indicate greater residential segregation between non-white and white county residents. |
| homicide_100k | Homicides per 100,000 |
| suicide100k | Suicides per 100,000 |
| gundeath100k | Gun deaths per 100,000 |
| traffic_volume | Average traffic volume per meter of major roadways in the county. |
| internet | % households with subscription broadband internet connection |
| rural | % living in rural area |
| County type | County classification |
| pop_2019 | population, 2019 |
| case_sept821 | COVID-19 cases through 9/8/21 |
| cases100k_sept821 | COVID-19 cases per 100,000 through 9/8/21 |
| deaths_sept821 | COVID-19 deaths through 9/8/21 |
| deaths100k_sept21 | COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 through 9/8/21 |
| uninsured | % under age 65 without health insurance |
| povtyAug21 | Poverty rate August 2021 |
| SVI_sept21 | Vulnerability human suffering and financial loss in the event of a disaster (CDC) |
| CVD_vulerability | COVID-19 vulnerability index |
| totalvote | Total votes, 2016 |
| hrcvote | Clinton votes, 2016 |
| djtvote | Trump votes, 2016 |
| d2pty16 | Democratic % of two-party vote, 2016 |
| thirdpct16 | Third-party % of total vote, 2016 |
| county_state | County Name/State name |
| hs | % HS or equiv degree |
| 4yrcoll | % 4-year college degre |
| postgrad | % with post-graduate degree |
| whitepct | % White (non-Hispanic) |
| blackpct | % Black (non-Hispanic) |
| nativepct | % Native-American (non-Hispanic) |
| apipct | % Asian-Paciific Islander (non-Hispanic) |
| otherpct | % Other race/ethicity (non-Hispanic) |
| latinopct | % Latino/Hispanic |
| under6_pvty | % kids under 6 in poverty |
| senior_pvty | % 65+ years-old in poverty |
| poverty_15 | % in poverty 2015 |
| gini_coefficient | Income inequality |
| kid_poverty15 | % minors in poverty, 2015 |
| manage_prof | % workers in managerial/professional sector |
| service_occupations | % workers in service sector |
| sales_office | % workers in sales/office sector |
| farming_ | % workers in agricutlurall sector |
| construction | % workers in construction ector |
| production_transp | % workers in manufacturring/transport sector |
| pop2010 | population 2010 |
| pop2000 | population 2000 |
| nomove_1yr | One-year residential stability |
| foreign_born | %foreign-born |
| foreign_lang | % speaking non-English at home |
| veterans | # military veterans |
| home_own | % Owner-occupide housing |
| pc_income15 | per-capita income 2015 |
| density | population per square mile |
| cvap16 | Citizen voting-age population |
| cvap_turnout16 | % turnout 2016, CVAP |
| State | State name |
| pop_2019 | population, 2019 |
| Cdeaths_jan521 | COVID-19 deaths through 1/5/21 |
| cases_jan521 | COVID-19 cases through 1/5/21 |
| votes_gop20 | Republcan votes 2020 |
| votes_dem20 | Democratic votes 2020 |
| total_votes20 | Total votes, 2020 |
| other_vote20 | Third-party votes, 2020 |
| djtpct20 | Trump % 2020 |
| jrbpct20 | Biden % 2020 |
| d2pty20 | Democratic % of two-party vote, 2020 |
| cvap18 | Citizen voting-age population, 2018 |
| cvap_turnout20 | % turnout 2020, CVAP |
Countries2
| Variable | Variable Description |
|---|---|
| wbcountry | Country Name |
| ccode | Country Code |
| hdi_rank | HDI Rank |
| hdi | Human Development Index (HDI) |
| lifexp | Life expectancy at birth |
| mnschool | Mean years of schooling |
| gini1019 | Gini coefficient: Income inequality |
| femexp | Female life expectancy at birth |
| malexp | Male life expectancy at birth |
| fem_mnschool | Female mean years of schooling |
| male_mnschool | Male mean years of schooling |
| gender_inequality | Gender Inequality Index: inequality in reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market |
| matmort | Maternal mortality ratio: Number of deaths due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births. |
| teen_fert | Adolescent birth rate: Number of births to women ages 15–19 per 1,000 women ages 15–19. |
| fem_leg | % female Share of seats in parliament: |
| fem_seced | % of Female Population with at least some secondary education education. |
| male_seced | Male Population with at least some secondary education |
| fem_labor | Female labor force participation rate |
| male_labor | Male labor force participation rate |
| chg_pop | Population average annual growth |
| urban | % Urban population |
| fert1520 | Total fertility rate 2015-2020 |
| inf_no_dtp | % Infants lacking immunization against DTP |
| inf_no_measel | % Infants lacking immunization against measles |
| infant_mort | Infant mortality rate: Probability of dying between birth and exactly age 1, expressed per 1,000 live births. |
| kid_mort | Under-five mortality rate: Probability of dying between birth and exactly age 5, expressed per 1,000 live births. |
| TB100k | Tuberculosis incidence: new and relapse tuberculosis cases per 100,000 people. |
| health_exp | Current health expenditure (% of GDP) |
| sec_ed | Population with at least some secondary education |
| educ_exp | Government expenditure on education (% of GDP) |
| jail100k | Prison population per 100,000 people. |
| homicide100k | Homicides per 100,000 people. |
| fem_suicie | Female suicide rate per 100,000 females |
| male_suicide | Male suicide rate (per 100,000 males) |
| food_def | Average supply of calories for food consumption, expressed as a percentage of the average dietary energy requirement |
| net_mig | Net migration rate: Ratio in-migrants and out-migrants per 1,000 people. |
| internet | Internet users: % of People with access to the worldwide network. |
| mobile_phone | Mobile phone subscriptions: Number of subscriptions for the mobile phone service, expressed per 100 people. |
| docs10k | Physicians: Number of medical doctors (physicians), both generalists and specialists, expressed per 10,000 people. |
| hosp10k | Hospital beds: Number of hospital beds available, expressed per 10,000 people. |
| rural_electric | % Rural population with access to electricity |
| fem_loc_gvt | % seats held by women in local government |
| fem_finance | % Women with account at financial institution or with mobile money-service provider |
| redlist | Red List Index: Measure of the aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. |
| skilled1019 | Skilled labor force: Percentage of the labor force ages 15 and older with intermediate or advanced education |
| mil_exp | Military expenditures: All current and capital expenditures on the armed forces (% of GDP) |
| pop19_M | Population (millions) 2019 |
| gdp_billions | Gross Domestic Product (Billions of US $) |
| gdp_pc | Gross Domestic Product per capita |
States20
| Variable Name | Variable Description |
|---|---|
| state | State name |
| stateab | State abbreviation |
| abortion_laws | # Abortion restrictions in state law |
| age1825 | % 18 to 24 years old |
| age65plus | % older than 65 |
| Approve | Biden approval, January-June 2021 |
| Approve_T | Trump Approval , January-May 2020 |
| attend_low | % who rarely or never attend religious services |
| aug_cases | #COVID19 Cases through 8/30/21 |
| aug_CVD_deathrate | COVID deaths/cases through 8/30/21 |
| aug_deaths | Cum. #Covid19 deaths 8/30/21 |
| beer | gallons of beer consumed per capita |
| blknh | % non-hispanic black |
| bornagain18 | % born again Christian, 2018 |
| Cases10k | Covid cases per 10,000, through October 2020 |
| closing_date20 | # days prior to election for end of voter registration |
| coll_4yr | % with 4-year college degree |
| cong10k | # religious congregations per 10,000 pop |
| covid_hosp | COVID hospitalizations per 100K pop 9/2/2021 |
| d2pty16 | % of 2-party vote for Clinton |
| d2pty20 | % of 2-party vote for Biden |
| DemLeg2020 | % Democratic state legislators, 2020 |
| diabetes | % with diabetes in population |
| Disapprove | Biden disapproval, January-June 2021 |
| Disapprove_T | Trump disapproval , January-May 2020 |
| docs100k | #physician per 100,000 population |
| early_pct20 | early votes as % of total votes 2020 |
| environment | Environmental liberalism (0-1) High=liberal |
| fb | % foreign born |
| FemLeg2020 | % female sate legislators, 2020 |
| gaymarr | % support for legal gay marriage |
| gini16 | gini index 2016 |
| gtba | % with advanced degrees |
| gundeath100k | gun deaths per 100,000 population |
| immig | Immigration liberalism: high=more liberal |
| infant_mort | # infant deaths per 1000 live births |
| jun_cases | #COVID19 Cases through 6/01/21 |
| jun_CVD_deathrate | COVID deaths/cases through 6/01/21 |
| jun_death | #Covid19 deaths through 6/01/21 |
| latino | % Latino population |
| legprof | Legislative professionalism (high=more professional |
| lgbtq_rgts | # legal protection for LGBTQ persons (Human Rights Campaign) |
| lifeexp | life expectancy |
| lowbirthwt | % low birth weight births |
| margin20 | margin of victory (Winner % minus loser %), 2020 pres race |
| metro | % living in metro area |
| mngt | % with management jobs |
| netage | age65plus minus age1825 |
| netdem | % Democratic minus % Republican identifiers |
| netlib | % liberal minus %conservative |
| nonwhite | % non-white |
| NonWhtLeg2020 | % non-white in state legislature |
| nurses1k | # Nurses per thousand population |
| obesity | % obese in population |
| other_occ | % other occupations |
| othnh | % not Hispanic, white, black, or API |
| PCincome2020 | per capita income |
| PerPupilExp | per pupil $, k-12 schools |
| pol_cult | Political Culture classification |
| policy_innov | Policy innovation score: high values=innovative states |
| policy_lib | Policy liberalism: high scores–>liberal policies |
| poverty1819 | % living in poverty, 2018-19 |
| prison100k | incarcerated people per 100,000 pop |
| prochoice18 | %pro choice, 2018 |
| prof | % with professional jobs |
| race_att | racial liberalism (0-1) High=liberal |
| relig_imp | % who say religion is important to them |
| single | % single |
| south | South=1, Other=0 |
| suicide100k | suicides per 100k population |
| Taxburden | total state taxes as % of total state income |
| taxprog | tax progressivity (rich pay greater share than poor)–>high=progressive |
| teenbirth | % of births to teen mothers |
| union | % union in workforce |
| vacc_rate | proportion of population with full COVID vaccine |
| vcrime100k | violent crimes per 100,000 population |
| vep_turnout16 | % Eligible voter turnout, 2016 |
| vep_turnout20 | % Eligible voter turnout, 2020 |
| whitemale | % white male |
| whtmale_nocol | % white male, no college |
| whtnh | % non-Hispanic white population |