O Brasil é um dos expoentes mundiais em produção agrícola.
Este posto foi conquistado às custas de muito investimento tecnológico, intelectual e braçal da população brasileira, e muito deste investimento foi de ordem Médico Veterinária.
O mercado mundial de produtos agropecuários é baseado em uma sólida vigilância epidemiológica no sentido de controlar a ocorrência e eventual dispersão de agentes infecciosos de interesse nos animais de produção.
No processo do fim do século passado de crescimento de seu produto agrícola, o Brasil abriu gradualmente o mercado mundial para sua produção de grãoes e, de nosso interesse aqui, animais e subprodutos animais.
Para que tal produto seja bem aceito fora de nosso território sua bioseguridade tem que ser assegurada e rastreável.
A saúde do produto é nossa responsabilidade, Médicos Veterinários.
Para tal vigilância ser estabelecida e bem executada o Brasil desenvolveu um corpo de leis, decretos, portarias e instruções normativas para regulamentar a atuação do Médico Veterinário e das organizações produtores de animais.
Este corpo legislativo é organizado nos Programas de Defesa Sanitária Animal (exemplo: Programa Nacional de Sanidade Avícola), cujas várias ramificações envolvem a totalidade dos animais de produção no Brasil.
Tais leis são frequentemente resultado de acordos internacionais, cujas exigências são estabelecidas por organismos internacionais, como, e principalmente, a OCDE, Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento do Comércio.
Quem pode se enquadrar nas exigências consegue exportar; quem não, é alijado do processo.
Foge do objetivo deste livro tratar de legislação.
Leis são fluidas e alteradas pelo curso dos acontecimentos.
O Médico Veterinário tem que conhecer a legislação que incide sobre seu escopo de atuação.
Alegar desconhecimento da lei não é atenuante de infração, pelo contrário: é agravante.
Adamo, Shelley Anne. 2013.
“Parasites: Evolution’s Neurobiologists.” Journal of Experimental Biology 216 (1): 3–10.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.073601.
Adkins-Regan, Elizabeth. 2007.
“Do Hormonal Control Systems Produce Evolutionary Inertia?” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363 (1497): 1599–609.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0005.
Allaire, JJ, Yihui Xie, Christophe Dervieux, Jonathan McPherson, Javier Luraschi, Kevin Ushey, Aron Atkins, et al. 2023.
Rmarkdown: Dynamic Documents for r.
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rmarkdown.
Allgoewer, Andreas, and Benjamin Mayer. 2017.
“Sample Size Estimation for Pilot Animal Experiments by Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach.” Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 45 (2): 83–90.
https://doi.org/10.1177/026119291704500201.
Amoroso, Caroline R., Peter M. Kappeler, Claudia Fichtel, and Charles L. Nunn. 2019.
“Fecal Contamination, Parasite Risk, and Waterhole Use by Wild Animals in a Dry Deciduous Forest.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 73 (11): 153.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2769-6.
Archie, Elizabeth A, and Jenny Tung. 2015.
“Social Behavior and the Microbiome.” Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, The integrative study of animal behavior, 6 (December): 28–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.07.008.
Arneberg, Per, Arne Skorping, Bryan Grenfell, and Andrew F. Read. 1998.
“Host Densities as Determinants of Abundance in Parasite Communities.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 265 (1403): 1283–89.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0431.
Ashford, Richard W. 1997. “What It Takes to Be a Reservoir Host.” Belgian Journal of Zoology 127 suppl 1: 85–90.
Austin, Peter C., Muhammad M. Mamdani, David N. Juurlink, and Janet E. Hux. 2006.
“Testing Multiple Statistical Hypotheses Resulted in Spurious Associations: A Study of Astrological Signs and Health.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 59 (9): 964–69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.012.
Babicz, Marek, and Anna Kasprzyk. 2019.
“Comparative Analysis of the Mineral Composition in the Meat of Wild Boar and Domestic Pig.” Italian Journal of Animal Science 18 (1): 1013–20.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2019.1610337.
Balarin, Mara Regina Stipp, Joandes Henrique Fonteque, Cleverson de Souza, Mere Erika Saito, Aguemi Kohayagawa, and Raimundo Souza Lopes. 2001.
“Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) in Thorougbred Horses from 12 to 24 Months of Age.” Semina: Ciências Agrárias 22 (2): 135–37.
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2001v22n2p135.
Banchero, N, and Rf Grover. 1972.
“Effect of Different Levels of Simulated Altitude on O 2 Transport in Llama and Sheep.” American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content 222 (5): 1239–45.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.5.1239.
Barry, Alyssa E. 2022.
“Grand Challenges in Parasite Epidemiology and Ecology.” Frontiers in Parasitology 1.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpara.2022.1034819.
Berendonk, Thomas U., Celia M. Manaia, Christophe Merlin, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Eddie Cytryn, Fiona Walsh, Helmut Burgmann, et al. 2015.
“Tackling Antibiotic Resistance: The Environmental Framework.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 13 (5): 310–18.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3439.
Best, A., A. White, and M. Boots. 2008.
“Maintenance of Host Variation in Tolerance to Pathogens and Parasites.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (52): 20786–91.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809558105.
Bonita, Ruth, Robert Beaglehole, and Tord Kjellström. 2010. Epidemiologia Básica. 2a ed. São Paulo: Santos.
Bottery, Michael J., Jonathan W. Pitchford, and Ville-Petri Friman. 2021.
“Ecology and Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Communities.” The ISME Journal 15 (4): 939–48.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00832-7.
Brivio, Francesca, Stefano Grignolio, Nicoletta Sica, Stefano Cerise, and Bruno Bassano. 2015.
“Assessing the Impact of Capture on Wild Animals: The Case Study of Chemical Immobilisation on Alpine Ibex.” PLoS ONE 10 (6): e0130957.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130957.
Broom, D. M. 1986.
“Indicators of Poor Welfare.” British Veterinary Journal 142 (6): 524–26.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(86)90109-0.
———. 1991.
“Animal Welfare: Concepts and Measurement.” Journal of Animal Science 69 (10): 4167–75.
https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.69104167x.
Broom, Donald M. 2011.
“A History of Animal Welfare Science.” Acta Biotheoretica 59 (2): 121–37.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-011-9123-3.
Browner, Warren S., Thomas B. Newman MD MPH, Steven R. Cummings MD, Deborah G. Grady MD MPH, Alison J. Huang, Alka M. Kanaya, and Mark J. Pletcher. 2022. Designing Clinical Research. 5th ed. edição. Philadelphia: LWW.
Burns, Patricia B., Rod J. Rohrich, and Kevin C. Chung. 2011.
“The Levels of Evidence and Their Role in Evidence-Based Medicine.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 128 (1): 305–10.
https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318219c171.
Button, Katherine S., John P. A. Ioannidis, Claire Mokrysz, Brian A. Nosek, Jonathan Flint, Emma S. J. Robinson, and Marcus R. Munafò. 2013.
“Power Failure: Why Small Sample Size Undermines the Reliability of Neuroscience.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14 (5): 365–76.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3475.
Carenzi, Corrado, and Marina Verga. 2009.
“Animal Welfare: Review of the Scientific Concept and Definition.” Italian Journal of Animal Science 8 (sup1): 21–30.
https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s1.21.
Clark, Philip J., and Francis C. Evans. 1979.
“Generalization of a Nearest Neighbor Measure of Dispersion for Use in K Dimensions.” Ecology 60 (2): 316–17.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1937660.
Clarke, A., and K. P. P. Fraser. 2004.
“Why Does Metabolism Scale with Temperature?” Functional Ecology 18 (2): 243–51.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00841.x.
Clutton-Brock, Tim. 2009.
“Sexual Selection in Females.” Animal Behaviour 77 (1): 3–11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.08.026.
Cochran, William G. 1991.
Sampling Techniques. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, John; Sons, Incorporated, New York, N.Y.
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Sampling+Techniques%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780471162407.
Cohen, Jacob. 1960.
“A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 20 (1): 37–46.
https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104.
———. 1988.
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587.
Cook, G C. 1992.
“Effect of Global Warming on the Distribution of Parasitic and Other Infectious Diseases: A Review.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 85 (11): 688–91.
https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689208501111.
Council, National Research, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Animal Nutrition, and Subcommittee on Dog and Cat Nutrition. 2006. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. National Academies Press.
Courvalin, Patrice. 2006.
“Antibiotic Resistance: The Pros and Cons of Probiotics.” Digestive and Liver Disease, Papers from the 3rd
International Congress on
Probiotics,
Prebiotics and
New Foods, 38 (December): S261–65.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1590-8658(07)60006-1.
Cox, F. E. G. 2001.
“Concomitant Infections, Parasites and Immune Responses.” Parasitology 122 (SUPPL.): S23–38.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s003118200001698x.
Culebras, J. M., G. F. Fitzpatrick, M. F. Brennan, C. M. Boyden, and F. D. Moore. 1977.
“Total Body Water and the Exchangeable Hydrogen. II. A Review of Comparative Data from Animals Based on Isotope Dilution and Desiccation, with a Report of New Data from the Rat.” American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 232 (1): R60–65.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1977.232.1.R60.
Dadgostar, Porooshat. 2019.
“Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications and Costs.” Infection and Drug Resistance 12 (March): 3903–10.
https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S234610.
Daszak, Peter, Andrew A. Cunningham, and Alex D. Hyatt. 2003.
“Infectious Disease and Amphibian Population Declines.” Diversity and Distributions 9 (2): 141–50.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00016.x.
Delamater, Paul L., Erica J. Street, Timothy F. Leslie, Y. Tony Yang, and Kathryn H. Jacobsen. 2019.
“Complexity of the Basic Reproduction Number (R0).” Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 25 (1): 1–4.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2501.171901.
Dell, Ralph B., Steve Holleran, and Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan. 2002.
“Sample Size Determination.” ILAR Journal 43 (4): 207–13.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.43.4.207.
Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea, and Ilias Kyriazakis. 2012.
“Should We Aim for Genetic Improvement in Host Resistance or Tolerance to Infectious Pathogens?” Frontiers in Genetics 3.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00272.
Dowling, David J., and Ofer Levy. 2014.
“Ontogeny of Early Life Immunity.” Trends in Immunology 35 (7): 299–310.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2014.04.007.
Eberhardt, Frederick. 2009.
“Introduction to the Epistemology of Causation.” Philosophy Compass 4 (6): 913–25.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00243.x.
Eggert, L. S., J. A. Eggert, and D. S. Woodruff. 2003.
“Estimating Population Sizes for Elusive Animals: The Forest Elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana.” Molecular Ecology 12 (6): 1389–1402.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01822.x.
Ellegren, Hans, and Nicolas Galtier. 2016.
“Determinants of Genetic Diversity.” Nature Reviews Genetics 17 (7): 422–33.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.58.
Ernst, Orna, and Tsaffrir Zor. 2010.
“Linearization of the Bradford Protein Assay.” Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE, no. 38 (April): 1918.
https://doi.org/10.3791/1918.
Ezenwa, Vanessa O., Rampal S. Etienne, Gordon Luikart, Albano Beja‐Pereira, and Anna E. Jolles. 2010.
“Hidden Consequences of Living in a Wormy World: Nematode‐Induced Immune Suppression Facilitates Tuberculosis Invasion in African Buffalo.” The American Naturalist 176 (5): 613–24.
https://doi.org/10.1086/656496.
Fink, Ashley L., and Sabra L. Klein. 2018.
“The Evolution of Greater Humoral Immunity in Females Than Males: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy.” Current Opinion in Physiology 6 (December): 16–20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.010.
Fleiss, Joseph L., Bruce Levin, and Myunghee Cho Paik. 2003.
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. 3rd ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0471445428.
Forestiero, Saverio. 2022.
“The Historical Nature of Biological Complexity and the Ineffectiveness of the Mathematical Approach to It.” Theory in Biosciences 141 (2): 213–31.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-022-00369-7.
Frankham, R. 1994. “CONSERVATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR ANIMAL IMPROVEMENT.” Proc. 5th World Congr. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod.
Fuller, Andrea, Shane K. Maloney, Dominique Blache, and Christine Cooper. 2020.
“Endocrine and Metabolic Consequences of Climate Change for Terrestrial Mammals.” Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Endocrine and
Metabolic Adaptations to
Extreme Environments, 11 (April): 9–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2019.12.003.
Gaynes, Robert. 2017.
“The Discovery of Penicillin—New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 23 (5): 849–53.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2305.161556.
Gintam, Binyam. 2019. “Water Minerals Associated in Health Risks: A Review” 8 (1).
Glass, Elizabeth. 2012.
“The Molecular Pathways Underlying Host Resistance and Tolerance to Pathogens.” Frontiers in Genetics 3.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00263.
Gopalakrishnan, S., and P. Ganeshkumar. 2013.
“Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Understanding the Best Evidence in Primary Healthcare.” Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2 (1): 9–14.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.109934.
Gorkhali, Neena Amatya, Kunzhe Dong, Min Yang, Shen Song, Adiljian Kader, Bhola Shankar Shrestha, Xiaohong He, et al. 2016.
“Genomic Analysis Identified a Potential Novel Molecular Mechanism for High-Altitude Adaptation in Sheep at the Himalayas.” Scientific Reports 6 (1): 29963.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29963.
Gould, Alison L., Vivian Zhang, Lisa Lamberti, Eric W. Jones, Benjamin Obadia, Nikolaos Korasidis, Alex Gavryushkin, Jean M. Carlson, Niko Beerenwinkel, and William B. Ludington. 2018.
“Microbiome Interactions Shape Host Fitness.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (51): E11951–60.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809349115.
Gradmann, Christoph. 2014.
“A Spirit of Scientific Rigour: Koch’s Postulates in Twentieth-Century Medicine.” Microbes and Infection 16 (11): 885–92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2014.08.012.
Greischar, Megan A., Andrew F. Read, and Ottar N. Bjørnstad. 2014.
“Synchrony in Malaria Infections: How Intensifying Within-Host Competition Can Be Adaptive.” The American Naturalist 183 (2): E36–49.
https://doi.org/10.1086/674357.
Grimes, David A, and Kenneth F Schulz. 2002.
“An Overview of Clinical Research: The Lay of the Land.” The Lancet 359 (9300): 57–61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07283-5.
Groeneveld, L. F., J. A. Lenstra, H. Eding, M. A. Toro, B. Scherf, D. Pilling, R. Negrini, et al. 2010.
“Genetic Diversity in Farm Animals – a Review.” Animal Genetics 41 (s1): 6–31.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02038.x.
Grubeck-Loebenstein, Beatrix. 1997.
“Changes in the Aging Immune System.” Biologicals 25 (2): 205–8.
https://doi.org/10.1006/biol.1997.0085.
Gruninger, R. J., G. O. Ribeiro, A. Cameron, and T. A. McAllister. 2019.
“Invited Review: Application of Meta-Omics to Understand the Dynamic Nature of the Rumen Microbiome and How It Responds to Diet in Ruminants.” Animal 13 (9): 1843–54.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119000752.
Guyatt, Gordon, David Gutterman, Michael H. Baumann, Doreen Addrizzo-Harris, Elaine M. Hylek, Barbara Phillips, Gary Raskob, Sandra Zelman Lewis, and Holger Schünemann. 2006.
“Grading Strength of Recommendations and Quality of Evidence in Clinical Guidelines: Report From an American College of Chest Physicians Task Force.” Chest 129 (1): 174–81.
https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.129.1.174.
Hall-Stoodley, Luanne, J. William Costerton, and Paul Stoodley. 2004.
“Bacterial Biofilms: From the Natural Environment to Infectious Diseases.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 2 (2): 95–108.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro821.
Hammond, Ellen L., and Robert G. Anthony. 2006.
“Mark–Recapture Estimates of Population Parameters for Selected Species of Small Mammals.” Journal of Mammalogy 87 (3): 618–27.
https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-369R1.1.
Hamra, Ghassan, Richard MacLehose, and David Richardson. 2013.
“Markov Chain Monte Carlo: An Introduction for Epidemiologists.” International Journal of Epidemiology 42 (2): 627–34.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt043.
Hau, Michaela. 2007.
“Regulation of Male Traits by Testosterone: Implications for the Evolution of Vertebrate Life Histories.” BioEssays 29 (2): 133–44.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20524.
Haydon, DanielT., Sarah Cleaveland, Louise H. Taylor, and M. Karen Laurenson. 2002.
“Identifying Reservoirs of Infection: A Conceptual and Practical Challenge.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (12): 1468–73.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0812.010317.
Heesterbeek, J. A. P. 2002.
“A Brief History of R0 and a Recipe for Its Calculation.” Acta Biotheoretica 50 (3): 189–204.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016599411804.
Heesterbeek, J. a. P., and K. Dietz. 1996.
“The Concept of Ro in Epidemic Theory.” Statistica Neerlandica 50 (1): 89–110.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9574.1996.tb01482.x.
Hellberg, Rosalee S., and Eric Chu. 2016.
“Effects of Climate Change on the Persistence and Dispersal of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens in the Outdoor Environment: A Review.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 42 (4): 548–72.
https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2014.972335.
Hill, Austin Bradford. 1965.
“The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 58 (5): 295–300.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1898525/.
Hill, William G. 2000.
“Maintenance of Quantitative Genetic Variation in Animal Breeding Programmes.” Livestock Production Science 63 (2): 99–109.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00115-3.
Inkscape, Desenvolvedores do Site. 2023.
“Desenhe Livremente Inkscape.” https://inkscape.org/pt-br/.
Iwasaki, A., and R. Medzhitov. 2010.
“Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System.” Science 327 (5963): 291–95.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183021.
Johnsen, Pål J, Jeffrey P Townsend, Thomas Bøhn, Gunnar S Simonsen, Arnfinn Sundsfjord, and Kaare M Nielsen. 2009.
“Factors Affecting the Reversal of Antimicrobial-Drug Resistance.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 9 (6): 357–64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70105-7.
Johnson, Pieter T. J., and Jason T. Hoverman. 2012.
“Parasite Diversity and Coinfection Determine Pathogen Infection Success and Host Fitness.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (23): 9006–11.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201790109.
Johnson, Pieter T. J., Daniel L. Preston, Jason T. Hoverman, and Bryan E. LaFonte. 2013.
“Host and Parasite Diversity Jointly Control Disease Risk in Complex Communities.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (42): 16916–21.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1310557110.
Julliand, V., and P. Grimm. 2016.
“HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: The Microbiome of the Horse Hindgut: History and Current Knowledge1.” Journal of Animal Science 94 (6): 2262–74.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-0198.
Karvonen, Anssi, Jukka Jokela, and Anna-Liisa Laine. 2019.
“Importance of Sequence and Timing in Parasite Coinfections.” Trends in Parasitology 35 (2): 109–18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.007.
Kause, Antti, and Jørgen Ødegård. 2012.
“The Genetic Analysis of Tolerance to Infections: A Review.” Frontiers in Genetics 3.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00262.
Keesing, Felicia, and Richard S. Ostfeld. 2021.
“Dilution Effects in Disease Ecology.” Ecology Letters 24 (11): 2490–2505.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13875.
Keesing, F., R. D. Holt, and R. S. Ostfeld. 2006.
“Effects of Species Diversity on Disease Risk.” Ecology Letters 9 (4): 485–98.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00885.x.
Kempenaers, Bart, Anne Peters, and Katharina Foerster. 2007.
“Sources of Individual Variation in Plasma Testosterone Levels.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363 (1497): 1711–23.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0001.
Keogh, Laura, David Kilroy, and Sourav Bhattacharjee. 2021.
“The Struggle to Equilibrate Outer and Inner Milieus: Renal Evolution Revisited.” Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger: Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 233 (January): 151610.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151610.
Kierszenbaum, Abraham L., and Laura L. Tres. 2019.
Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology - 5th Edition. 5a ed. Nova York: Elsevier.
https://www.elsevier.com/books/histology-and-cell-biology-an-introduction-to-pathology/kierszenbaum/978-0-323-67321-1.
Klein, S. L. 2004.
“Hormonal and Immunological Mechanisms Mediating Sex Differences in Parasite Infection.” Parasite Immunology 26 (6-7): 247–64.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00710.x.
Klein, Sabra L., and Katie L. Flanagan. 2016.
“Sex Differences in Immune Responses.” Nature Reviews Immunology 16 (10): 626–38.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.90.
Lacy, Robert C. 1997.
“Importance of Genetic Variation to the Viability of Mammalian Populations.” Journal of Mammalogy 78 (2): 320–35.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1382885.
Lee, Chang-Ro, Ill Hwan Cho, Byeong Chul Jeong, and Sang Hee Lee. 2013.
“Strategies to Minimize Antibiotic Resistance.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10 (9): 4274–4305.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10094274.
Lees, Peter, Ludovic Pelligand, Etienne Giraud, and Pierre-Louis Toutain. 2021.
“A History of Antimicrobial Drugs in Animals: Evolution and Revolution.” Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 44 (2): 137–71.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12895.
Lehr, Robert. 1992.
“Sixteen S-Squared over D-Squared: A Relation for Crude Sample Size Estimates.” Statistics in Medicine 11 (8): 1099–1102.
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780110811.
Lenth, Russell V. 2001.
“Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination.” The American Statistician 55 (3): 187–93.
https://doi.org/10.1198/000313001317098149.
Lindberg, Mark S. 2012.
“A Review of Designs for Capture–Mark–Recapture Studies in Discrete Time.” Journal of Ornithology 152 (2): 355–70.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0533-9.
LoGiudice, Kathleen, Richard S. Ostfeld, Kenneth A. Schmidt, and Felicia Keesing. 2003.
“The Ecology of Infectious Disease: Effects of Host Diversity and Community Composition on Lyme Disease Risk.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (2): 567–71.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0233733100.
López-Alonso, Marta. 2012.
“Trace Minerals and Livestock: Not Too Much Not Too Little.” ISRN Veterinary Science 2012 (December): 704825.
https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/704825.
Maia, Rafael Trindade, Magnólia de Araújo Campos, Rafael Trindade Maia, and Magnólia de Araújo Campos. 2021.
Introductory Chapter: Genetic Variation - The Source of Biological Diversity. IntechOpen.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96499.
Makino, Takashi, Carl-Johan Rubin, Miguel Carneiro, Erik Axelsson, Leif Andersson, and Matthew T Webster. 2018.
“Elevated Proportions of Deleterious Genetic Variation in Domestic Animals and Plants.” Genome Biology and Evolution 10 (1): 276–90.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy004.
Marchant, Arnaud, and Tobias R. Kollmann. 2015.
“Understanding the Ontogeny of the Immune System to Promote Immune-Mediated Health for Life.” Frontiers in Immunology 6 (February).
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00077.
Mardahl, Maibritt, Anne Borup, and Peter Nejsum. 2019.
“A New Level of Complexity in Parasite-Host Interaction: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles.” Advances in Parasitology 104: 39–112.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.003.
Martino, Cameron, Amanda Hazel Dilmore, Zachary M. Burcham, Jessica L. Metcalf, Dilip Jeste, and Rob Knight. 2022.
“Microbiota Succession Throughout Life from the Cradle to the Grave.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 20 (12): 707–20.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00768-z.
McHugh, Mary L. 2012.
“Interrater Reliability: The Kappa Statistic.” Biochemia Medica 22 (3): 276–82.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900052/.
McKay, D. M. 2006.
“The Beneficial Helminth Parasite?” Parasitology 132 (Pt 1): 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200500884X.
McManus, Michael L. 1988.
“WEATHER, BEHAVIOUR AND INSECT DISPERSAL.” The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120 (S146): 71–94.
https://doi.org/10.4039/entm120146071-1.
McVinish, R., and R. J. G. Lester. 2020.
“Measuring Aggregation in Parasite Populations.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17 (165): 20190886.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0886.
Monteiro, Rafael V., James M. Dietz, Benjamin B. Beck, Andrew J. Baker, Andreia Martins, and Ana Maria Jansen. 2007.
“Prevalence and Intensity of Intestinal Helminths Found in Free-Ranging Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus Rosalia, Primates, Callitrichidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest.” Veterinary Parasitology 145 (1-2): 77–85.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.004.
Monteiro, Rafael V., James M. Dietz, and Ana Maria Jansen. 2010.
“The Impact of Concomitant Infections by Trypanosoma Cruzi and Intestinal Helminths on the Health of Wild Golden and Golden-Headed Lion Tamarins.” Research in Veterinary Science 89 (1): 27–35.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.01.001.
Monteiro, Rafael V., James M. Dietz, Becky Raboy, Benjamin Beck, Kristel D. Vleeschower, Andrew Baker, Andréia Martins, and Ana Maria Jansen. 2007.
“Parasite Community Interactions: Trypanosoma Cruzi and Intestinal Helminths Infecting Wild Golden Lion Tamarins Leontopithecus Rosalia and Golden-Headed Lion Tamarins L. Chrysomelas (Callitrichidae, L., 1766).” Parasitology Research 101 (6): 1689–98.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0652-2.
Monteiro, Rafael Veríssimo, José Geraldo de Castro Jr, Ralph Maturano, and Marcia Chame. 2022.
“Um Sobreposição Geográfica Histórica Da Riquetsiose Humana Com Reservatórios Animais Em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.” Revista de Epidemiologia e Controle de Infecção 12 (3).
https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v12i3.17039.
Morgavi, D. P., W. J. Kelly, P. H. Janssen, and G. T. Attwood. 2013.
“Rumen Microbial (Meta)genomics and Its Application to Ruminant Production.” Animal 7 (January): 184–201.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112000419.
Muraille, Eric. 2018.
“Diversity Generator Mechanisms Are Essential Components of Biological Systems: The Two Queen Hypothesis.” Frontiers in Microbiology 9 (February): 223.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00223.
Murray, Robert K., and Harold Anthony Harper. 1996. Harper’s Biochemistry. Appleton & Lange.
Negro, Sandra S., Abigail K. Caudron, Michel Dubois, Philippe Delahaut, and Neil J. Gemmell. 2010.
“Correlation Between Male Social Status, Testosterone Levels, and Parasitism in a Dimorphic Polygynous Mammal.” PLOS ONE 5 (9): e12507.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012507.
Padrões e Petições da UICN, Comitê de. 2022.
“Diretrizes Para o Uso Das Categorias e Critérios Da Lista Vermelha Da UICN.” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, no. Versão 15.1.
https://www.iucnredlist.org/en.
Papkou, Andrei, Chaitanya S. Gokhale, Arne Traulsen, and Hinrich Schulenburg. 2016.
“Host–Parasite Coevolution: Why Changing Population Size Matters.” Zoology,
SI:
Host-
Parasite Coevolution, 119 (4): 330–38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2016.02.001.
Pennell, Leesa M., Carole L. Galligan, and Eleanor N. Fish. 2012.
“Sex Affects Immunity.” Journal of Autoimmunity 38 (2-3): J282–91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.013.
Pfeiffer, Dirk. 2009. Veterinary Epidemiology: An Introduction. 1ª edição. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Poppenga, Robert H. 2000.
“Current Environmental Threats to Animal Health and Productivity.” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 16 (3): 545–58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30086-4.
Poulin, Robert. 2004.
“Macroecological Patterns of Species Richness in Parasite Assemblages.” Basic and Applied Ecology 5 (5): 423–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2004.08.003.
Poulin, Robert, Brian L. Fredensborg, Ellen Hansen, and Tommy L. F. Leung. 2005.
“The True Cost of Host Manipulation by Parasites.” Behavioural Processes 68 (3): 241–44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2004.07.011.
Powell, Roger A., and Gilbert Proulx. 2003.
“Trapping and Marking Terrestrial Mammals for Research: Integrating Ethics, Performance Criteria, Techniques, and Common Sense.” ILAR Journal 44 (4): 259–76.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.4.259.
Prospero, J. M., R. A. Glaccum, and R. T. Nees. 1981.
“Atmospheric Transport of Soil Dust from Africa to South America.” Nature 289 (5798): 570–72.
https://doi.org/10.1038/289570a0.
R Core Team. 2019.
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
https://www.R-project.org/.
Råberg, Lars, Andrea L Graham, and Andrew F Read. 2009.
“Decomposing Health: Tolerance and Resistance to Parasites in Animals.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1513): 37–49.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0184.
Ramires, Livia Magosso, Fernanda Nobre Bandeira Monteiro, Ana Carolina Ishida, Tamiriz Muniz dos Santos, Huan Betine Silva, Cecília Braga Laposy, and Vamilton Alvares Santarém. 2019.
“Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Quarter Horses: A Comparison Between Healthy and Hospitalized Animals.” Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 73 (February): 127–30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.007.
Ravenzwaaij, Don van, Pete Cassey, and Scott D. Brown. 2018.
“A Simple Introduction to Markov Chain Monte–Carlo Sampling.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 25 (1): 143–54.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1015-8.
Reed, David H., and Richard Frankham. 2003.
“Correlation Between Fitness and Genetic Diversity.” Conservation Biology 17 (1): 230–37.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01236.x.
Rezende, Joffre Marcondes de. 2014.
“AFECÇÃO, DOENÇA, ENFERMIDADE, MOLÉSTIA.” Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 43 (3): 384–88.
https://www.revistas.ufg.br/iptsp/article/view/32221.
Richter, Veronika, Rainer Muche, and Benjamin Mayer. 2018.
“How Much Confidence Do We Need in Animal Experiments? Statistical Assumptions in Sample Size Estimation.” Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 21 (4): 325–33.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2018.1423972.
Rifai, Nader. 2008.
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics - 6a Edition. 6a edição. Elsevier.
https://www.elsevier.com/books/tietz-fundamentals-of-clinical-chemistry-and-molecular-diagnostics/rifai/978-0-323-53044-6.
Rigaud, Thierry, Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot, and Mark J. F. Brown. 2010.
“Parasite and Host Assemblages: Embracing the Reality Will Improve Our Knowledge of Parasite Transmission and Virulence.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277 (1701): 3693–3702.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1163.
Romano, Alessandro, Daniel Ramos, Francisco Araujo, Silvana Leal, Zouraide Costa, Allan Silva, Almério Gomes, et al. 2017. Guia de Vigilância de Epizootias Em Primatas Não Humanos e Entomologia Aplicada à Vigilância Da Febre Amarela.
Rothman, Kenneth J., and Sander Greenland. 2005.
“Causation and Causal Inference in Epidemiology.” American Journal of Public Health 95 (S1): S144–50.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.059204.
RStudio Team. 2020.
RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for r. Boston, MA: RStudio, PBC.
http://www.rstudio.com/.
Russell, W. M. S, and Rex Leonard Burch. 1959. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. London: Methuen.
Sach, Fiona, Ellen S. Dierenfeld, Simon C. Langley-Evans, Elliott Hamilton, R. Murray Lark, Lisa Yon, and Michael J. Watts. 2020.
“Potential Bio-Indicators for Assessment of Mineral Status in Elephants.” Scientific Reports 10 (1): 8032.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64780-0.
Sadighi Akha, Amir A. 2018.
“Aging and the Immune System: An Overview.” Journal of Immunological Methods 463 (December): 21–26.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2018.08.005.
Saúde, Organização Pan-Americana da. 2010.
“Controle de Enfermidades Na População.” In
Módulos de Princípios de Epidemiologia Para o Controle de Enfermidades., 38. Módulo 6. Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde.
https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/modulo_principios_epidemiologia_6.pdf.
Schemnitz, Sanford, Gordon Batcheller, Matthew Lovallo, H. White, and Michael Fall. 2009.
“Capturing and Handling Wild Animals.” USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications, January.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/1191.
Schmidt, Kenneth A., and Richard S. Ostfeld. 2001.
“Biodiversity and the Dilution Effect in Disease Ecology.” Ecology 82 (3): 609–19.
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0609:BATDEI]2.0.CO;2.
Schwarz, Carl, and George Seber. 1999.
“Estimating Animal Abundance: Review III.” Statistical Science 14 (November): 1–126.
https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1009212521.
Seebacher, Frank. 2009.
“Responses to Temperature Variation: Integration of Thermoregulation and Metabolism in Vertebrates.” Journal of Experimental Biology 212 (18): 2885–91.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.024430.
Sender, Ron, Shai Fuchs, and Ron Milo. 2016.
“Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body.” bioRxiv.
https://doi.org/10.1101/036103.
Sengupta, Pallav. 2013.
“Potential Health Impacts of Hard Water.” International Journal of Preventive Medicine 4 (8): 866–75.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775162/.
Shimonovich, Michal, Anna Pearce, Hilary Thomson, Katherine Keyes, and Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi. 2021.
“Assessing Causality in Epidemiology: Revisiting Bradford Hill to Incorporate Developments in Causal Thinking.” European Journal of Epidemiology 36 (9): 873–87.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00703-7.
Shury, Todd. 2014.
“Physical Capture and Restraint.” In
Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia, 109–24. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118792919.ch7.
Siegrist, Claire-Anne. 2018.
“2 - Vaccine Immunology.” In
Plotkin’s Vaccines (Seventh Edition), edited by Stanley A. Plotkin, Walter A. Orenstein, Paul A. Offit, and Kathryn M. Edwards, 16–34.e7. Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-35761-6.00002-X.
Silanikove, Nissim. 2000.
“Effects of Heat Stress on the Welfare of Extensively Managed Domestic Ruminants.” Livestock Production Science 67 (1): 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00162-7.
Silva‐Santana, Giorgio, Juliet Cunha Bax, Débora Cristina Silva Fernandes, Daniela Tendler Leibel Bacellar, Cleber Hooper, Alexandre Alves Souza Oliveira Dias, Cristina Barbosa Silva, et al. 2020.
“Clinical Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Swiss, BALB/c, C57bl/6 and B6d2f1 Mus Musculus.” Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 3 (4): 304–15.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ame2.12139.
Silvy, Nova, Roel Lopez, and Markus Peterson. 2005. “Wildlife Marking Techniques.” In, 339–76.
Simoens, Steven. 2012.
“The Cost-Effectiveness of Prevention: Is an Ounce of Prevention Worth a Pound of Cure?” Farmeconomia. Health Economics and Therapeutic Pathways 13 (1): 5–6.
https://doi.org/10.7175/fe.v13i1.197.
Snedecor, George W., and William G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods. 8th edition. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Sokal, Robert R., and F. James Rohlf. 1995a. “Assumptions of Analysis of Variance.” In Biometry, 3rd ed., 392–450. New York: W. H. Freeman; Co.
———. 1995b. “Single-Classification Analysis of Variance.” In Biometry, 3rd ed., 207–71. New York: W. H. Freeman; Co.
Solé, Ricard. 2022.
“Revisiting Leigh Van Valen’s ‘A New Evolutionary Law’ (1973).” Biological Theory, January.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-021-00391-w.
Spížek, Jaroslav, Jitka Novotná, Tomáš Řezanka, and Arnold L Demain. 2010.
“Do We Need New Antibiotics? The Search for New Targets and New Compounds.” Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 37 (12): 1241–48.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-010-0849-8.
Springborn, Michael R, Joakim A Weill, Karen R Lips, Roberto Ibáñez, and Aniruddha Ghosh. 2022.
“Amphibian Collapses Increased Malaria Incidence in Central America \(^{\textrm{*}}\).” Environmental Research Letters 17 (10): 104012.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8e1d.
Steinstraesser, Lars, Ursula M. Kraneburg, Tobias Hirsch, Marco Kesting, Hans-Ulrich Steinau, Frank Jacobsen, and Sammy Al-Benna. 2009.
“Host Defense Peptides as Effector Molecules of the Innate Immune Response: A Sledgehammer for Drug Resistance?” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10 (9): 3951–70.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10093951.
Stevenson, Mark A. 2021.
“Sample Size Estimation in Veterinary Epidemiologic Research.” Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7: 1115.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.539573.
Suttle, N. F. 2010. Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. 4th ed. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ; Cambridge, MA: CABI.
Suzuki, Taichi A. 2017.
“Links Between Natural Variation in the Microbiome and Host Fitness in Wild Mammals.” Integrative and Comparative Biology 57 (4): 756–69.
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx104.
Tadiri, Christina P., Gregor F. Fussmann, and Marilyn E. Scott. 2021.
“Parasite Spread in Experimental Metapopulations: Resistance, Tolerance and Host Competence.” Oikos 130 (9): 1562–71.
https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07837.
Tarín-Pelló, Antonio, Beatriz Suay-García, and María-Teresa Pérez-Gracia. 2022.
“Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: Current Situation and Treatment Options to Accelerate the Development of a New Antimicrobial Arsenal.” Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy 20 (8): 1095–1108.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2022.2078308.
Thaiss, Christoph A., Niv Zmora, Maayan Levy, and Eran Elinav. 2016.
“The Microbiome and Innate Immunity.” Nature 535 (7610): 65–74.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18847.
Thomas, Caroline. 1994.
“Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World’s Fresh Water Resources.” International Affairs 70 (3): 557–57.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2623756.
Vandenbroucke, Jan P, Alex Broadbent, and Neil Pearce. 2016.
“Causality and Causal Inference in Epidemiology: The Need for a Pluralistic Approach.” International Journal of Epidemiology 45 (6): 1776–86.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv341.
VanValen, Lee. 1973. “A New Evolutionary Law.” Evolutionary Theory 1: 1–30.
Veissier, I, and A. Boissy. 2007.
“Stress and Welfare: Two Complementary Concepts That Are Intrinsically Related to the Animal’s Point of View.” Physiology & Behavior 92 (3): 429–33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.008.
Voelkl, Bernhard, Naomi S. Altman, Anders Forsman, Wolfgang Forstmeier, Jessica Gurevitch, Ivana Jaric, Natasha A. Karp, et al. 2020.
“Reproducibility of Animal Research in Light of Biological Variation.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 21 (7): 384–93.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-020-0313-3.
Vredenburg, Vance T., Stephen A. Felt, Erica C. Morgan, Samuel V. G. McNally, Sabrina Wilson, and Sherril L. Green. 2013.
“Prevalence of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Xenopus Collected in Africa (1871–2000) and in California (2001–2010).” PLOS ONE 8 (5): e63791.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063791.
Walker, Kristen A., Andrew W. Trites, Martin Haulena, and Daniel M. Weary. 2012.
“A Review of the Effects of Different Marking and Tagging Techniques on Marine Mammals.” Wildlife Research 39 (1): 15.
https://doi.org/10.1071/WR10177.
Wang, Fuhmei. 2018.
“The Roles of Preventive and Curative Health Care in Economic Development.” PLoS ONE 13 (11): e0206808.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206808.
Wassom, Donald L. 1993.
“Immunoecological Succession in Host-Parasite Communities.” The Journal of Parasitology 79 (4): 483–87.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3283371.
Watts, Duncan J., Roby Muhamad, Daniel C. Medina, and Peter S. Dodds. 2005.
“Multiscale, Resurgent Epidemics in a Hierarchical Metapopulation Model.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (32): 11157–62.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501226102.
Weiskopf, Daniela, Birgit Weinberger, and Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein. 2009.
“The Aging of the Immune System.” Transplant International 22 (11): 1041–50.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00927.x.
Wobeser, G. A. 1994.
Investigation and Management of Disease in Wild Animals. Springer US.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5609-8.
Wong, Alex. 2017.
“Epistasis and the Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance.” Frontiers in Microbiology 8.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00246.
Woolhouse, M. E. J. 1998.
“Patterns in Parasite Epidemiology: The Peak Shift.” Parasitology Today 14 (10): 428–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01318-0.
Xie, Yihui. 2016.
Bookdown: Authoring Books and Technical Documents with R Markdown. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman; Hall/CRC.
https://bookdown.org/yihui/bookdown.
Xie, Yihui, J. J. Allaire, and Garrett Grolemund. 2018.
R Markdown: The Definitive Guide. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman; Hall/CRC.
https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown.
Zar, Jerrold H. 1996. Biostatistical Analysis. 3rd edição. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall College Div.