Chapter 15 Effects on winners

This chapter runs the same analysis on the winners. Unexpectedly, it is the winners who increase the fairness perceptions when a losing actor primes the respondents about being a good democratic citizen.

if(!require("broom")){install.packages("broom");  library(broom)}
if(!require("haven")){install.packages("haven");  library(haven)}
if(!require("here")){install.packages("here");  library(here)}
if(!require("knitr")){install.packages("knitr");  library(knitr)}
options(kableExtra.latex.load_packages = FALSE) 
if(!require("kableExtra")){install.packages("kableExtra");  library(kableExtra)}
if(!require("naniar")){install.packages("naniar");  library(naniar)}
if(!require("tidyverse")){install.packages("tidyverse");  library(tidyverse)}

set.seed(2016)

d <- read_sav("Data/Goodloser-exp3.sav")

knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, knitr.kable.NA = "", cache = FALSE, warning = FALSE)

##Prepare data

main_01 <- d %>% 
  mutate(rsp_id = as.numeric(responseid),
         rsp_beg = case_when(r13pad1 == 1 ~ "In favour of ban on begging",
                             r13pad1 == 2 ~ "Against ban on begging"),
          rsp_beg_imp = case_when(r13pad2 %in% 1:2 ~ "Important",
                                  r13pad2 %in% 3:5 ~ "Not important"),
         rsp_toll = case_when(r13pad3 == 1 ~ "In favour of road toll increase of diesel cars",
                              r13pad3 == 2 ~ "Against road toll increase of diesel cars"),
         rsp_toll_imp = case_when(r13pad4 %in% 1:2 ~ "Important",
                                  r13pad4 %in% 3:5 ~ "Not important"),
         treat_outcome = case_when(r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "The Yes side won the vote",
                                 r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "The No side won the vote"),
         treat_outfav = case_when(r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Unfavorable outcome"),
         treat_issue = case_when(r13pad5_sak == 1 ~ "Ban on begging",
                               r13pad5_sak == 2 ~ "Road toll increase of diesel cars"),
         treat_winningmargin = case_when(r13pad5_vinnermargin == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                                       r13pad5_vinnermargin == 2 ~ "Slight majority",
                                       r13pad5_vinnermargin == 3 ~ "Large majority"),
         treat_winnergloat = case_when(r13pad5_vinner == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                                     r13pad5_vinner == 2 ~ "Winning politician gloats"),
         treat_prime = case_when(r13pad5_avsender == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 2  | r13pad5_avsender == 5 ~ "No prime",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 3  | r13pad5_avsender == 6 ~ "Specific prime",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 4 | r13pad5_avsender == 7 ~ "General prime"),
       treat_messenger = case_when(r13pad5_avsender %in% 3:4 ~ "Political leader",
                                   r13pad5_avsender %in% 6:7 ~ "Local newspaper"),
                post_fair = case_when(r13pad6a == 1 | r13pad6b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad6a == 2 | r13pad6b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad6a == 3 | r13pad6b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad6a == 4 | r13pad6b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad6a == 5 | r13pad6b == 5 ~ 1),
          post_reasonable = case_when(r13pad7a == 1 | r13pad7b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad7a == 2 | r13pad7b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad7a == 3 | r13pad7b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad7a == 4 | r13pad7b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad7a == 5 | r13pad7b == 5 ~ 1),
          post_accept = case_when(r13pad8a == 1 | r13pad8b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad8a == 2 | r13pad8b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad8a == 3 | r13pad8b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad8a == 4 | r13pad8b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad8a == 5 | r13pad8b == 5 ~ 1)

  ) %>% 
                  replace_with_na_all(condition = ~.x == 98 )%>% #Recode 98 (not asked) as missing
                 filter(!is.na(r13pad6_ran)) %>% 
                mutate(treat_winningmargin = lvls_reorder(treat_winningmargin, c(2, 3, 1)), 
               treat_prime = lvls_reorder(treat_prime, c(3, 2, 4, 1))
                )
               
    main_01 <- main_01 %>%   
      filter(treat_outfav == "Favorable outcome")

###Number of winners in the data set

The number of respondents with a favorable decision outcome is 1357

##Reasonable

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_reasonable, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_reasonable, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : object 'treat_winningmargin' not found

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, reasonable decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm")) +
  theme(panel.spacing = unit(0.5, "lines"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_winners_reasonable.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_winners_reasonable.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_winners_reasonable.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_winners_reasonable.pdf'

#Table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

##Willingnes to accept

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_accept, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_accept, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : object 'treat_winningmargin' not found

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, willingnes to accept decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_winners_accept.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_winners_accept.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_winners_accept.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_winners_accept.pdf'

#table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

##Fairness perceptions

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_fair, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_fair, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, : object 'treat_winningmargin' not found

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, perceived fairness of decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_winners_fair.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_winners_fair.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_winners_fair.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_winners_fair.pdf'

#table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

#Issue: Ban on begging

if(!require("broom")){install.packages("broom");  library(broom)}
if(!require("haven")){install.packages("haven");  library(haven)}
if(!require("here")){install.packages("here");  library(here)}
if(!require("knitr")){install.packages("knitr");  library(knitr)}
options(kableExtra.latex.load_packages = FALSE) 
if(!require("kableExtra")){install.packages("kableExtra");  library(kableExtra)}
if(!require("naniar")){install.packages("naniar");  library(naniar)}
if(!require("tidyverse")){install.packages("tidyverse");  library(tidyverse)}

set.seed(2016)

d <- read_sav("Data/Goodloser-exp3.sav")

knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, knitr.kable.NA = "", cache = FALSE, warning = FALSE)

##Main effects

###Prepare data

main_01 <- d %>% 
  mutate(rsp_id = as.numeric(responseid),
         rsp_beg = case_when(r13pad1 == 1 ~ "In favour of ban on begging",
                             r13pad1 == 2 ~ "Against ban on begging"),
         rsp_beg_imp = case_when(r13pad2 %in% 1:2 ~ "Important",
                                  r13pad2 %in% 3:5 ~ "Not important"),
         rsp_toll = case_when(r13pad3 == 1 ~ "In favour of road toll increase of diesel cars",
                              r13pad3 == 2 ~ "Against road toll increase of diesel cars"),
         rsp_toll_imp = case_when(r13pad4 %in% 1:2 ~ "Important",
                                  r13pad4 %in% 3:5 ~ "Not important"),
         treat_issue = case_when(r13pad5_sak == 1 ~ "Ban on begging",
                               r13pad5_sak == 2 ~ "Road toll increase of diesel cars"),
         treat_outcome = case_when(r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "The Yes side won the vote",
                                 r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "The No side won the vote"),
          treat_outfav = case_when(r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Unfavorable outcome"),
         treat_winningmargin = case_when(r13pad5_vinnermargin == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                                       r13pad5_vinnermargin == 2 ~ "Slight majority",
                                       r13pad5_vinnermargin == 3 ~ "Large majority"),
         treat_winnergloat = case_when(r13pad5_vinner == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                                     r13pad5_vinner == 2 ~ "Winning politician gloats"),
        treat_prime = case_when(r13pad5_avsender == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 2  | r13pad5_avsender == 5 ~ "No prime",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 3  | r13pad5_avsender == 6 ~ "Specific prime",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 4 | r13pad5_avsender == 7 ~ "General prime"),
         treat_messenger = case_when(r13pad5_avsender %in% 3:4 ~ "Political leader",
                                   r13pad5_avsender %in% 6:7 ~ "Local newspaper"),
         post_fair = case_when(r13pad6a == 1 | r13pad6b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad6a == 2 | r13pad6b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad6a == 3 | r13pad6b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad6a == 4 | r13pad6b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad6a == 5 | r13pad6b == 5 ~ 1),
          post_reasonable = case_when(r13pad7a == 1 | r13pad7b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad7a == 2 | r13pad7b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad7a == 3 | r13pad7b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad7a == 4 | r13pad7b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad7a == 5 | r13pad7b == 5 ~ 1),
          post_accept = case_when(r13pad8a == 1 | r13pad8b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad8a == 2 | r13pad8b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad8a == 3 | r13pad8b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad8a == 4 | r13pad8b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad8a == 5 | r13pad8b == 5 ~ 1)

  ) %>% 

  replace_with_na_all(condition = ~.x == 98 )%>%  #Recode 98 (not asked) as missing
  filter(!is.na(r13pad6_ran)) %>%  #Remove NA's
## We want the value labels in particular order for the tables and figures.
        mutate(treat_winningmargin = lvls_reorder(treat_winningmargin, c(2, 3, 1)), 
               treat_prime = lvls_reorder(treat_prime, c(3, 2, 4, 1)) 
        )
main_01 <- main_01 %>%   
      filter(treat_issue == "Ban on begging")

###Reasonable decision

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_reasonable, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_reasonable, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : unused argument (treat_messenger)

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, reasonable decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm")) +
  theme(panel.spacing = unit(0.5, "lines"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_begging_reasonable.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_begging_reasonable.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_begging_reasonable.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_begging_reasonable.pdf'

#Table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Outcome favorability" = 2, "Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

###Willingnes to accept

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_accept, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_accept, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : unused argument (treat_messenger)

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, willingnes to accept decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_begging_accept.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_begging_accept.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_begging_accept.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_begging_accept.pdf'

#table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Outcome favorability" = 2, "Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

###Fairness perceptions

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_fair, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger)

## Error in amce(., post_fair, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : unused argument (treat_messenger)

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, perceived fairness of decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_begging_fair.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_begging_fair.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_begging_fair.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_begging_fair.pdf'

#table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Outcome favorability" = 2, "Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

#Issue: Road toll

if(!require("broom")){install.packages("broom");  library(broom)}
if(!require("haven")){install.packages("haven");  library(haven)}
if(!require("here")){install.packages("here");  library(here)}
if(!require("knitr")){install.packages("knitr");  library(knitr)}
options(kableExtra.latex.load_packages = FALSE) 
if(!require("kableExtra")){install.packages("kableExtra");  library(kableExtra)}
if(!require("naniar")){install.packages("naniar");  library(naniar)}
if(!require("tidyverse")){install.packages("tidyverse");  library(tidyverse)}

set.seed(2016)

d <- read_sav("Data/Goodloser-exp3.sav")

knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, knitr.kable.NA = "", cache = FALSE, warning = FALSE)

##Main effects

###Prepare data

main_01 <- d %>% 
  mutate(rsp_id = as.numeric(responseid),
         rsp_beg = case_when(r13pad1 == 1 ~ "In favour of ban on begging",
                             r13pad1 == 2 ~ "Against ban on begging"),
         rsp_beg_imp = case_when(r13pad2 %in% 1:2 ~ "Important",
                                  r13pad2 %in% 3:5 ~ "Not important"),
         rsp_toll = case_when(r13pad3 == 1 ~ "In favour of road toll increase of diesel cars",
                              r13pad3 == 2 ~ "Against road toll increase of diesel cars"),
         rsp_toll_imp = case_when(r13pad4 %in% 1:2 ~ "Important",
                                  r13pad4 %in% 3:5 ~ "Not important"),
         treat_issue = case_when(r13pad5_sak == 1 ~ "Ban on begging",
                               r13pad5_sak == 2 ~ "Road toll increase of diesel cars"),
         treat_outcome = case_when(r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "The Yes side won the vote",
                                 r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "The No side won the vote"),
          treat_outfav = case_when(r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 1 & r13pad1 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Favorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 1 & r13pad5_utfall == 2 ~ "Unfavorable outcome",
                                  r13pad5_sak == 2 & r13pad3 == 2 & r13pad5_utfall == 1 ~ "Unfavorable outcome"),
         treat_winningmargin = case_when(r13pad5_vinnermargin == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                                       r13pad5_vinnermargin == 2 ~ "Slight majority",
                                       r13pad5_vinnermargin == 3 ~ "Large majority"),
         treat_winnergloat = case_when(r13pad5_vinner == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                                     r13pad5_vinner == 2 ~ "Winning politician gloats"),
        treat_prime = case_when(r13pad5_avsender == 1 ~ "Not shown",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 2  | r13pad5_avsender == 5 ~ "No prime",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 3  | r13pad5_avsender == 6 ~ "Specific prime",
                               r13pad5_avsender == 4 | r13pad5_avsender == 7 ~ "General prime"),
         treat_messenger = case_when(r13pad5_avsender %in% 3:4 ~ "Political leader",
                                   r13pad5_avsender %in% 6:7 ~ "Local newspaper"),
         post_fair = case_when(r13pad6a == 1 | r13pad6b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad6a == 2 | r13pad6b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad6a == 3 | r13pad6b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad6a == 4 | r13pad6b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad6a == 5 | r13pad6b == 5 ~ 1),
          post_reasonable = case_when(r13pad7a == 1 | r13pad7b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad7a == 2 | r13pad7b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad7a == 3 | r13pad7b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad7a == 4 | r13pad7b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad7a == 5 | r13pad7b == 5 ~ 1),
          post_accept = case_when(r13pad8a == 1 | r13pad8b == 1 ~ 5,
                          r13pad8a == 2 | r13pad8b == 2 ~ 4,
                          r13pad8a == 3 | r13pad8b == 3 ~ 3,
                          r13pad8a == 4 | r13pad8b == 4 ~ 2,
                          r13pad8a == 5 | r13pad8b == 5 ~ 1)

  ) %>% 

  replace_with_na_all(condition = ~.x == 98 )%>%  #Recode 98 (not asked) as missing
  filter(!is.na(r13pad6_ran)) %>%  #Remove NA's
## We want the value labels in particular order for the tables and figures.
        mutate(treat_winningmargin = lvls_reorder(treat_winningmargin, c(2, 3, 1)), 
               treat_prime = lvls_reorder(treat_prime, c(3, 2, 4, 1))
        )
main_01 <- main_01 %>%   
      filter(treat_issue == "Road toll increase of diesel cars")

###Reasonable decision

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_reasonable, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_reasonable, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : unused argument (treat_messenger)

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1.2, 1.2),
    breaks = round(seq(-1.2, 1.2, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, reasonable decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm")) +
  theme(panel.spacing = unit(0.5, "lines"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_toll_reasonable.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_toll_reasonable.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_toll_reasonable.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_toll_reasonable.pdf'

#Table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Outcome favorability" = 2, "Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

###Willingnes to accept

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_accept, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger) 

## Error in amce(., post_accept, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : unused argument (treat_messenger)

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, willingnes to accept decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_toll_accept.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_toll_accept.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_toll_accept.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_toll_accept.pdf'

#table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Outcome favorability" = 2, "Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds

###Fairness perceptions

source("Functions/amce.R")

## Error in file(filename, "r", encoding = encoding): cannot open the connection

res_main <-  main_01 %>%
  amce(post_fair, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, treat_prime, treat_messenger)

## Error in amce(., post_fair, treat_outfav, treat_winningmargin, treat_winnergloat, : unused argument (treat_messenger)

res_main <- res_main %>% 
  mutate(
  treatment =  case_when(treatment == "treat_outfav" ~ "Outcome\nfavor-\nability",
            treatment == "treat_winningmargin" ~ "Winning\nmargin",
            treatment == "treat_winnergloat" ~ "Winner\ngloats",
            treatment == "treat_prime" ~ "Democratic\nprime",
            treatment == "treat_messenger" ~ "Primer")
)

## Error in eval_tidy(pair$lhs, env = default_env): object 'treatment' not found

#Figure
fig_amce <-
  res_main %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = estimate, y = value)) +
  facet_grid(
    treatment ~ .,
    scales = "free_y",
    space = "free_y") +
  geom_errorbarh(
    aes(xmin = estimate - (2 * std_error),
        xmax = estimate + (2 * std_error)),
    height = 0) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept = 0), linetype = "dotted") +
  scale_x_continuous(
    limits = c(-1, 1),
    breaks = round(seq(-1, 1, .1), 2),
    expand = c(0, 0)) +
   labs(
    x = "Marginal effect, perceived fairness of decision",
    y = "Decision process attributes") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(2, 2, 2, 2), "mm"))
fig_amce

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pngs", "fig_toll_fair.png"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error: At least one layer must contain all faceting variables: `treatment`.
## * Plot is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 1 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 2 is missing `treatment`
## * Layer 3 is missing `treatment`

## Error in grDevices::dev.off(): QuartzBitmap_Output - unable to open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pngs/fig_toll_fair.png'

ggsave(
  here("output", "figs", "pdfs", "fig_toll_fair.pdf"),
  plot = fig_amce,
  width = 5.5, height = 2.75
)

## Error in grDevices::pdf(file = filename, ..., version = version): cannot open file '/Users/macorg/Documents/GitHub/Goodlosergit/Analysis/Bookdown-goodloser/output/figs/pdfs/fig_toll_fair.pdf'

#table
res_main <- res_main %>% 
  select(value, estimate, std_error, statistic, p_value)

## Error in .f(.x[[i]], ...): object 'value' not found

kable(res_main, booktabs = TRUE, caption = "Average Marginal Component Effects", col.names = linebreak(c("Treatment value", "Estimate", "Std. Error", "t-statistic", "p value"))) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "responsive")) %>% 
 group_rows(index = c("Outcome favorability" = 2, "Winning margin" = 3, "Winner gloating" = 2, "Good loser prime" = 4, "Primer" = 2))

## Error in xml_children(kable_tbody)[[i]]: subscript out of bounds