S.I. 10 Effects on losers

Treatment effects on experimental subjects who find the decision outcome to align unfavorably with their own preferences (N = 1394)

10.1 Fairness perceptions

Figure 4 in the manuscript:

(#tab:305_post_fair_loser)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority -0.03 0.07 -0.37 0.71
Large majority 0.00 0.07 -0.04 0.97
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats -0.02 0.06 -0.29 0.77
Good loser message
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.22 0.10 2.28 0.02
Specific good loser message 0.27 0.10 2.79 0.01
Generic good loser message 0.30 0.10 3.04 0.00
Messenger
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader -0.03 0.07 -0.46 0.64
Issue
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.44 0.06 -7.88 0.00
Wording of answer scale
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.20 0.06 -3.47 0.00

10.1.1 Conditional AMCEs

Issue importance
(#tab:306_post_fair_losers_intimportance)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value Issue importance
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA Important
Slight majority -0.10 0.13 -0.73 0.46 Important
Large majority -0.10 0.13 -0.73 0.47 Important
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA Not important
Slight majority 0.01 0.08 0.11 0.91 Not important
Large majority 0.06 0.08 0.75 0.45 Not important
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA Important
Winning politician gloats 0.07 0.11 0.62 0.53 Important
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA Not important
Winning politician gloats -0.06 0.06 -0.98 0.33 Not important
Good loser message
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA Important
Lamenting politician 0.04 0.19 0.23 0.82 Important
Specific good loser message 0.14 0.19 0.72 0.47 Important
Generic good loser message 0.26 0.19 1.35 0.18 Important
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA Not important
Lamenting politician 0.33 0.11 3.09 0.00 Not important
Specific good loser message 0.35 0.11 3.30 0.00 Not important
Generic good loser message 0.32 0.11 3.04 0.00 Not important
Messenger
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA Important
Political leader -0.09 0.14 -0.65 0.51 Important
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA Not important
Political leader -0.02 0.08 -0.22 0.83 Not important
Issue
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA Important
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.53 0.11 -4.73 0.00 Important
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA Not important
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.29 0.06 -4.61 0.00 Not important
Wording of answer scale
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA Important
Worded -0.14 0.11 -1.28 0.20 Important
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA Not important
Worded -0.22 0.06 -3.53 0.00 Not important
Issue (ban on begging or road toll)
(#tab:305_post_fair_loser_issue)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority -0.07 0.08 -0.83 0.40
Large majority 0.07 0.09 0.86 0.39
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority 0.03 0.11 0.30 0.76
Good loser message
Large majority -0.07 0.11 -0.63 0.53
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats 0.01 0.07 0.21 0.83
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Messenger
Winning politician gloats 0.00 0.09 -0.03 0.98
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Issue
Lamenting politician 0.18 0.12 1.50 0.14
Specific good loser message 0.08 0.12 0.65 0.51
Wording of answer scale
Generic good loser message 0.18 0.12 1.53 0.13
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.29 0.15 2.01 0.05
Specific good loser message 0.42 0.15 2.78 0.01
Generic good loser message 0.40 0.15 2.72 0.01
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader 0.02 0.09 0.21 0.84
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader -0.13 0.11 -1.10 0.27
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.16 0.07 -2.24 0.03
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.25 0.09 -2.86 0.00
Messenger
(#tab:305_post_fair_loser_intmessenger)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority 0.03 0.13 0.26 0.79
Large majority 0.06 0.13 0.49 0.62
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority -0.11 0.13 -0.91 0.36
Good loser message
Large majority -0.03 0.13 -0.24 0.81
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats -0.13 0.10 -1.23 0.22
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Messenger
Winning politician gloats -0.05 0.10 -0.44 0.66
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Issue
Generic good loser message -0.04 0.10 -0.37 0.71
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Wording of answer scale
Generic good loser message 0.08 0.10 0.81 0.42
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.28 0.10 -2.77 0.01
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.43 0.10 -4.16 0.00
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded 0.04 0.10 0.40 0.69
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.25 0.10 -2.38 0.02
Winner gloats
(#tab:305_post_fair_loser_intwinnergloat)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority -0.13 0.10 -1.30 0.19
Large majority -0.03 0.10 -0.35 0.73
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority 0.08 0.10 0.79 0.43
Good loser message
Large majority 0.03 0.10 0.35 0.73
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.12 0.14 0.84 0.40
Specific good loser message 0.29 0.14 2.12 0.03
Messenger
Generic good loser message 0.29 0.14 2.11 0.04
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Issue
Lamenting politician 0.32 0.14 2.37 0.02
Specific good loser message 0.26 0.14 1.88 0.06
Wording of answer scale
Generic good loser message 0.30 0.14 2.19 0.03
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader -0.07 0.10 -0.69 0.49
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.93
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.43 0.08 -5.35 0.00
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.45 0.08 -5.78 0.00
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.18 0.08 -2.12 0.03
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.22 0.08 -2.79 0.01
Winning margin
(#tab:305_post_fair_loser_intwinningmargin)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats -0.11 0.10 -1.13 0.26
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winner gloating
Winning politician gloats 0.10 0.10 1.00 0.32
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Good loser message
Winning politician gloats -0.04 0.10 -0.37 0.71
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.20 0.16 1.26 0.21
Specific good loser message 0.36 0.16 2.28 0.02
Messenger
Generic good loser message 0.17 0.16 1.04 0.30
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Issue
Lamenting politician 0.10 0.17 0.58 0.56
Specific good loser message 0.05 0.17 0.31 0.76
Wording of answer scale
Generic good loser message 0.28 0.17 1.64 0.10
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.38 0.18 2.14 0.03
Specific good loser message 0.43 0.18 2.35 0.02
Generic good loser message 0.47 0.18 2.58 0.01
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader 0.05 0.12 0.38 0.71
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader -0.10 0.13 -0.79 0.43
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader -0.05 0.13 -0.37 0.71
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.43 0.09 -4.63 0.00
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.33 0.10 -3.35 0.00
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.57 0.10 -5.68 0.00
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.24 0.09 -2.51 0.01
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.14 0.10 -1.38 0.17
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.22 0.10 -2.11 0.04
Wording of scale
(#tab:305_post_fair_loser_intscale)Average Marginal Component Effect – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority -0.08 0.11 -0.69 0.49
Large majority -0.02 0.11 -0.15 0.88
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority 0.02 0.09 0.29 0.77
Good loser message
Large majority 0.00 0.09 0.03 0.98
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats 0.00 0.09 0.05 0.96
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Messenger
Winning politician gloats -0.04 0.07 -0.58 0.56
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Issue
Lamenting politician 0.20 0.15 1.32 0.19
Specific good loser message 0.13 0.15 0.90 0.37
Wording of answer scale
Generic good loser message 0.18 0.15 1.15 0.25
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.26 0.12 2.13 0.03
Specific good loser message 0.41 0.12 3.26 0.00
Generic good loser message 0.43 0.12 3.49 0.00
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader 0.12 0.12 1.01 0.31
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader -0.17 0.09 -1.90 0.06
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.40 0.09 -4.45 0.00
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.49 0.07 -7.00 0.00

10.2 Reasonable

(#tab:305_post_reasonable_loser)Average Marginal Component Effects
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority 0.01 0.08 0.13 0.90
Large majority 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.98
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats 0.02 0.06 0.24 0.81
Good loser message
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.04 0.11 0.40 0.69
Specific good loser message 0.15 0.11 1.42 0.16
Generic good loser message 0.20 0.11 1.79 0.07
Messenger
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader 0.02 0.08 0.27 0.78
Issue
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.45 0.06 -7.17 0.00
Wording of answer scale
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.16 0.06 -2.45 0.01

10.3 Willingnes to accept

(#tab:305_post_accept_loser)Average Marginal Component Effects – Study 3
Treatment value Estimate Std. Error t-statistic p value
Winning margin
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Slight majority -0.05 0.07 -0.68 0.50
Large majority -0.06 0.07 -0.80 0.42
Winner gloating
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Winning politician gloats 0.03 0.06 0.57 0.57
Good loser message
Not shown 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Lamenting politician 0.08 0.10 0.80 0.43
Specific good loser message 0.18 0.10 1.78 0.08
Generic good loser message 0.16 0.10 1.60 0.11
Messenger
Local newspaper 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Political leader 0.02 0.08 0.28 0.78
Issue
Ban on begging 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Road toll increase of diesel cars -0.36 0.06 -6.08 0.00
Wording of answer scale
Numbered 0.00 0.00 NA NA
Worded -0.17 0.06 -2.84 0.00