Topics
Description
About the labs
Purpose
Lab Structure
Materials
Logistics
Questions
Homeworks
Some general notes
Tentative schedule
Description of datasets
Earnings data
Standard normal distribution
School data
Health data
Introduction to SPSS
The SPSS Environment
Import Data
Characteristics of variables
Variables types
Variable formats
Value labels
Data manipulation
Create new variable
Transform string variables into numeric
Presenting your results
SPSS commands
0.1
Notes on homework format
0.2
Data visualization: data at the nominal level (categorical variables in SPSS)
Frequency tables
Bar charts
0.3
Data visualization: data at the ordinal, interval and ratio levels (continuous variables in SPSS)
Histograms
Boxplots
Stem-and-leaf table (extra)
Line graphs (extra)
0.4
Examining data across groups
The split file command
Cross Tabulation (extra)
0.5
Measures of central tendency and dispersion
0.6
Z-scores
0.7
Confidence intervals in SPSS
0.8
One sample t-test
0.9
Independent samples t-test
0.10
Paired t-test
0.11
One-way ANOVA
0.12
Two-way ANOVA
0.13
Correlation
0.14
Simple linear regression
0.15
Chi-Squared
1
Basic statistical concepts
1.1
Types of statistical analysis
1.2
The different scales of data measurement
1.3
Types of datasets
2
Measures of central tendency and dispersion
2.1
Central tendency
2.1.1
Mean
2.1.2
Median
2.1.3
Mode
2.2
Measures of dispersion
2.2.1
Standard deviation
2.2.2
Variance:
2.2.3
Range
2.2.4
Skewness
2.2.5
Example of calculations
3
Z-scores
3.1
The Z-distribution
3.2
Important concepts
3.2.1
Percentiles
3.2.2
Quartiles
3.3
The empirical rules of the normal curve
3.4
The Z-table
3.5
Exercises
4
Confidence intervals for the population mean
4.1
Notation
4.2
Formulas
4.3
Interpretation
4.3.1
Precision vs accuracy
4.4
Exercises
5
Hypothesis testing
5.1
Types of erros
6
One-sample t-test
6.1
Intuition (extra)
6.2
Formula for the one-sample t-test
6.3
Interpretation
6.3.1
Option 1: t values
6.3.2
Option 2: p-values
6.3.3
Option 3: Mean difference CI
6.4
Exercises
Review 1
Measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion
Mean, median, mode
Easier way to calculate the mean
Skweness
Standard deviation
Variance
Z-scores
Confidence intervals
Hypothesis testing: one-sample t-test
Practice questions
7
Independent samples t-test
7.1
Formula
7.2
Assumptions
7.3
Levene’s test for equality of variances
7.4
Interpretation of the independent sample t-test
7.5
Exercise
8
Paired Sample T-Test
8.1
Formulas and calculations
8.2
Interpretation
8.3
Interpretation of SPSS results
8.4
Exercise
9
One-way ANOVA
9.1
Details
9.2
Formulas and calculations
9.3
Reading the F-table
9.4
Assumptions
9.5
Levene’s test for equality of variances
9.6
Interpretation of the one-way ANOVA test.
9.7
Exercise
10
Two-way ANOVA
10.1
Interaction between groups
10.2
Example
10.3
Extra
10.4
Interpretation
10.5
Calculations
10.6
Assumptions (same as before)
10.7
Things to consider
10.8
Exercise
11
Correlation
11.1
Motivation
11.2
Scatter plots
11.3
Pearson’s correlation coefficient
11.3.1
Formula
11.4
Correlation vs Causation
11.5
Confounding variables
11.6
Exercise
12
Simple linear regression
12.1
Motivation
12.2
Intuition
12.3
Minimizing sum of square residuals
12.3.1
Formula and calculations
12.4
Interpretation
12.5
Problems with linear regression
12.6
Exercise
13
Chi-Square test for independence
13.1
Assumptions
13.2
Interpretation
13.3
Example
Review 2
T-test (one sample)
T-test (independent sample)
T-test (paired sample)
One-way ANOVA
Two-way ANOVA
Pearson’s correlation
Simple linear regression
Chi-square test for independence
Practice questions
14
Exploratory data analysis
14.1
Collect our own data
14.2
Examples of questions to explore
14.3
Types of analysis we can do
Solutions to review questions
Review 1
Review 2
Feedback about the labs
Notes for Basic Statistics I
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