4 Neuroanatomy and Image Atlas
腦可以分成幾個區域:
Telencephalon (Cerebrum)
Diencephalon (Thalamus)
Rhombencephalon (Cerebellum)
Brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
4.1 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
4.1.1 Telencephalon 端腦
人腦有 85% 都是 telencephalon (cerebrum),而 telencephalon 可以分成三個部分,分別是:
Cerebral Cortex: 以 gyrus (gyri) 與 sulcus (sulci) 區分出許多 lobes,即:
Frontal lobe 額葉
Parietal lobe 頂葉
Occipital lobe 枕葉
Temporal lobe 顳葉
Insular cortex 腦島
Limbic lobe 邊緣系統
Subcortical White Matter (Myelinated fibers)
Basal nuclei (Basal ganglia)
4.1.2 Frontal Lobe
- Lateral part.
Lateral part of the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus
- Polar part.
Transverse frontopolar gyri, frontomarginal gyrus.
- Orbital part.
Lateral orbital gyrus, anterior orbital gyrus, posterior orbital gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, and gyrus rectus.
- Medial part.
Medial part of the superior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus.
涉及規劃、控制、執行自主運動(voluntary movements)。如果損傷,將會造成對側(contralateral)身體的癱瘓。
4.1.3 Parietal Lobe
涉及空間感覺、導航(本體感覺)、語言處理(Broca’s area 與 Wernike’s area)、皮膚感覺。
4.1.4 Temporal Lobe
4.1.5 Occipital Lobe
4.1.6 Insular Lobe
接收 nociceptive 與 viscerosensory 的輸入。
4.1.7 Vasculature of cerebrum and MR Angiography
Anterior cerebral a. (ACA)
Cavernous sinus part
Temporal bone part
Posterior cerebral a. (PCA)
Basilar a. (BA)
Superior sagittal sinus
Posterior communicating a. (PCoA)
Branch on the surface of the insula
Middle cerebral a. (MCA)
ophthalmic a.
Internal carotid a. (ICA)
Vertebral a. (VA)
Anterior communicating a. (ACoA)
4.2 White Matter of the Cerebral Hemisphere
Myelinated fibers
Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Projection fibers
4.3 Image Atlas
由盧家鋒老師所開發的 MATLAB 程式,可以查看各腦區以學習神經解剖。