2.8 Citations

Although Pandoc supports multiple ways of writing citations, we recommend you to use BibTeX databases because they work best with LaTeX/PDF output. Pandoc can process other types of bibliography databases with the utility pandoc-citeproc (https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-citeproc), but it may not render certain bibliography items correctly (especially in case of multiple authors per item), and BibTeX can do a better job when the output format is LaTeX. With BibTeX databases, you will be able to define the bibliography style if it is required by a certain publisher or journal.

A BibTeX database is a plain-text file (with the conventional filename extension .bib) that consists of bibliography entries like this:

@Manual{R-base,
  title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical
    Computing},
  author = {{R Core Team}},
  organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
  address = {Vienna, Austria},
  year = {2016},
  url = {https://www.R-project.org/},
}

A bibliography entry starts with @type{, where type may be article, book, manual, and so on.7 Then there is a citation key, like R-base in the above example. To cite an entry, use @key or [@key] (the latter puts the citation in braces), e.g., @R-base is rendered as R Core Team (2018), and [@R-base] generates “(R Core Team 2018)”. If you are familiar with the natbib package in LaTeX, @key is basically \citet{key}, and [@key] is equivalent to \citep{key}.

There are a number of fields in a bibliography entry, such as title, author, and year, etc. You may see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX for possible types of entries and fields in BibTeX.

There is a helper function write_bib() in knitr to generate BibTeX entries automatically for R packages. Note that it only generates one BibTeX entry for the package itself at the moment, whereas a package may contain multiple entries in the CITATION file, and some entries are about the publications related to the package. These entries are ignored by write_bib().

# the second argument can be a .bib file
knitr::write_bib(c("knitr", "stringr"), "", width = 60)
@Manual{R-knitr,
  title = {knitr: A General-Purpose Package for Dynamic Report
    Generation in R},
  author = {Yihui Xie},
  year = {2018},
  note = {R package version 1.20},
  url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=knitr},
}
@Manual{R-stringr,
  title = {stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common
    String Operations},
  author = {Hadley Wickham},
  year = {2018},
  note = {R package version 1.3.1},
  url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stringr},
}

Once you have one or multiple .bib files, you may use the field bibliography in the YAML metadata of your first R Markdown document (which is typically index.Rmd), and you can also specify the bibliography style via biblio-style (this only applies to PDF output), e.g.,

---
bibliography: ["one.bib", "another.bib", "yet-another.bib"]
biblio-style: "apalike"
link-citations: true
---

The field link-citations can be used to add internal links from the citation text of the author-year style to the bibliography entry in the HTML output.

When the output format is LaTeX, citations will be automatically put in a chapter or section. For non-LaTeX output, you can add an empty chapter as the last chapter of your book. For example, if your last chapter is the Rmd file 06-references.Rmd, its content can be an inline R expression:

`r if (knitr::is_html_output()) '# References {-}'`

References

R Core Team. 2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.

  1. The type name is case-insensitive, so it does not matter if it is manual, Manual, or MANUAL.↩