Protective forests - a textbook
Preface
1
Introduction
1.1
Protective Forests in the European Alpine Space Region
1.2
Protective forests in Austria
2
Forest Runoff Control
2.1
Canopy storage
2.1.1
Mechanisms controlling canopy storage capacity
2.1.2
Horizontal Interception
2.2
Evapotranspiration
2.3
Forest soil storage
3
Forest Erosion Control
3.1
Root reinforcement
3.1.1
The Wu-Model
3.1.2
The Fiber-Bundle-Model
4
Forest Rockfall Control
4.1
Source area (triggering)
4.1.1
Forest effects within the source area
4.2
Transition area (motion)
5
Forest Avalanche Control
5.1
Influence on climatic effects
5.1.1
Snow cover distribution and snow height in forest stands
5.1.2
Snow layering in forest stands
6
Managing protective forests
6.1
Challenges
6.2
High elevation afforestation
6.3
Woody debris
6.4
Mitigation concepts
7
Resilience of protective forests
7.1
Natural disturbances
7.2
Gaming
8
Appendix
8.1
Geomorphology
8.1.1
Torrential headwater catchment
8.1.2
Sediment disposability
8.1.3
Hillslope-channel processes
8.2
Kinematics of mass movements
8.2.1
Falling
8.2.2
Gliding
8.2.3
Rolling
8.2.4
Jumping
8.3
Hydrology
8.3.1
Rain and Snow
8.3.2
Runoff in torrents
8.3.3
Runoff transfer concepts
8.4
Avalanches
8.4.1
Classification according to starting area
8.4.2
Classification according to the way of motion
8.4.3
Classification according to the location of the sliding surface
8.5
Math
8.5.1
Probability
8.5.2
Return period
8.6
Forest parameters
8.6.1
Leaf Area Index (LAI)
References
Published with bookdown
The Role of Forest in Mountain Risk Engineering
Chapter 7
Resilience of protective forests
7.1
Natural disturbances
7.2
Gaming