Chapter 7 Who Was Shri Krishna?
Shri Krishna is a central figure in Hinduism, revered as both a supreme deity and a historical hero. His life and teachings have profoundly influenced Indian culture, spirituality, and philosophy.
7.1 Key Aspects of Shri Krishna’s Life
- Divine Birth and Early Life:
- Krishna is believed to have been born around 3228 BCE in the city of Mathura to Devaki and Vasudeva. His birth is celebrated as Krishna Janmashtami.
- Due to a prophecy that he would overthrow his tyrannical uncle Kamsa, Krishna was secretly transported across the Yamuna River to be raised by foster parents Nanda and Yashoda in the rural village of Gokul.
- Youth and Miracles:
- Krishna’s childhood is filled with tales of divine play (leelas) and miracles, such as his playful mischief with the gopis (milkmaids), lifting the Govardhana Hill to protect villagers from torrential rains, and subduing the serpent Kaliya.
- These stories emphasize his role as a divine child full of charm and supernatural abilities.
- Role in the Mahabharata:
- Krishna is a pivotal character in the Mahabharata, one of India’s great epic narratives. He serves as charioteer and advisor to Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers.
- The Bhagavad Gita, a 700-verse scripture within the Mahabharata, is a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. In this text, Krishna imparts profound spiritual wisdom and guidance, addressing life’s ultimate questions and duties.
- Philosophical and Spiritual Teachings:
- Bhagavad Gita: Krishna’s teachings in the Bhagavad Gita cover various paths to spiritual realization, including Bhakti (devotion), Jnana (knowledge), and Karma (selfless action):
- Bhakti Yoga: Emphasizes loving devotion to God as the highest path to spiritual liberation.
- Karma Yoga: Advocates performing one’s duty without attachment to the results, dedicating actions to the divine.
- Jnana Yoga: Focuses on acquiring knowledge and discriminating between the real (Brahman) and the unreal (Maya).
- Bhagavad Gita: Krishna’s teachings in the Bhagavad Gita cover various paths to spiritual realization, including Bhakti (devotion), Jnana (knowledge), and Karma (selfless action):
- Dwarka and Later Life:
- After the events of the Mahabharata, Krishna established the city of Dwarka, where he ruled as a king. His reign is depicted as an era of prosperity and righteousness.
- Krishna’s departure from the mortal world is believed to mark the end of the Dvapara Yuga and the beginning of the Kali Yuga, the current age in Hindu cosmology.
7.2 Symbolism and Worship
- Avatar of Vishnu:
- Krishna is considered the eighth avatar (incarnation) of the god Vishnu, who descends to restore dharma (cosmic order) whenever it is threatened.
- Iconography:
- Krishna is often depicted as a youthful cowherd playing a flute, symbolizing divine love and the enchanting power of the divine.
- He is also shown in other forms, such as the charioteer of Arjuna, reflecting his role as a guide and teacher.
- Cultural Impact:
- Festivals like Janmashtami (Krishna’s birth) and Holi (celebrating the playful aspects of Krishna’s youth) are widely observed in India and among Hindu communities worldwide.
- Krishna’s life and teachings are explored in numerous texts, songs, dances, and art forms, permeating various aspects of Indian culture.
Shri Krishna is a multifaceted figure whose life and teachings continue to inspire millions. As a divine incarnation, philosophical teacher, and heroic figure, Krishna embodies the principles of love, wisdom, and righteous action. His contributions to the spiritual and cultural fabric of Hinduism are immense, making him one of the most beloved and revered figures in Indian history and mythology.