Chapter 1 What is Unix?

Unix is an operating system and a set of tools. The tool we’ll be using the most in this book is a shell, which is a computer program that provides a command line interface. You’ve probably seen a command line interface in the movies: an elite computer hacker sits in front of a black screen with green glowing text, furiously typing in commands and saying something like “Spike them!” Using the command line interface lets you enter lines of code into a shell (also called a console) and that code instructs your computer to perform a specific task. Throughout this book I may use the terms command line, shell, and console interchangeably. You’ll learn about using the command line in the Command Line Basics chapter.

The shell is a very direct and powerful way to manipulate a computer. You can produce wonderful creations that help thousands of people, or you can wreak havoc on yourself and on others. Like Benjamin Parker once said: “With great power comes great responsibility.”

There are several popular shell programs but in this book we’ll be using a shell called Bash because it’s the default shell program on Mac and Ubuntu.