3 用ggplot2制图

代码提供：

张洛宏 徐颖 陈宇祥 柯颖婷

主要内容： -散点图 抖散图 箱线图 直方图 密度图 提琴图 山峦图 椭圆图 2D密度图 -图的分面 -图上标注文本

3.1 读取数据

#数据准备
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyverse)
data(diamonds)
#使用ggplot2的自带数据集diamonds
set.seed(100)
dsmall <- diamonds[sample(nrow(diamonds),1000),]
head(dsmall)

## # A tibble: 6 × 10
##   carat cut     color clarity depth table price     x     y     z
##   <dbl> <ord>   <ord> <ord>   <dbl> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1  1.26 Ideal   G     SI1      59.6    57  6738  7.08  7.04  4.21
## 2  0.7  Ideal   D     VS2      62.7    57  3448  5.65  5.67  3.55
## 3  0.36 Ideal   F     SI1      62      56   770  4.59  4.54  2.83
## 4  2.1  Premium J     SI2      59.1    58 12494  8.46  8.4   4.98
## 5  1.21 Premium D     SI2      59.7    58  4946  7.06  6.96  4.19
## 6  2    Good    E     SI2      64.7    57 15393  7.75  7.86  5.05

3.2 散点图 抖散图 箱线图 直方图

散点图

ggplot(data=dsmall,aes(x=carat,y=price))+
  geom_point()

#设置颜色
ggplot(data=dsmall,
       aes(x=carat,y=price,color=cut))+
  geom_point()

抖散图

ggplot(data=dsmall,aes(x=cut,y=x))+
  geom_point()

dsmall %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = cut, y =x)) +
  geom_jitter() #为每个点的位置增加了少量的随机变化，能够处理点相互重叠的问题

箱线图

ggplot(data=dsmall,
       aes(x=cut,y=price,fill=cut,color=cut))+
  geom_boxplot(alpha=0.7)

#添加标题、横纵轴标签
ggplot(data=dsmall,
       aes(x=cut,y=price,fill=cut,color=cut))+
  geom_boxplot(alpha=0.7)+
  labs(x="钻石切工",y="钻石价格",title="钻石切工和钻石价格关系分布箱线图")

直方图

ggplot(data=dsmall,aes(x=price))+
  geom_histogram(bins=30)

3.3 密度图 提琴图 山峦图 椭圆图 2D密度图

密度图

ggplot(data=dsmall,
       aes(x=price,fill=cut))+
  geom_density(alpha=0.5)

提琴图

ggplot(data=dsmall,
       aes(x=cut,y=price,fill=cut))+
  geom_violin(alpha=0.5)

山峦图

x为连续变量，y为离散变量

library(ggridges)
dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = depth ,y = cut ,fill = cut)) +
  ggridges::geom_density_ridges()

## Picking joint bandwidth of 0.378

椭圆图

dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log(carat), y = price)) +
  geom_point() +
  stat_ellipse(type = "norm", level = 0.95) #level=0.95为95%置信区间

2D密度图

dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x =carat , y = depth)) +
  geom_bin2d() #作长方形分块的二维直方图

3.4 图的分面{facet_grid() / facet_wrap()}

dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = carat)) +
  geom_density() +
  facet_grid(. ~ cut)

dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = carat, fill = cut)) +
  geom_histogram() +
  facet_grid(cut ~ .)

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = stat(density))) +
  geom_histogram(aes(fill = cut)) +
  geom_density() +
  facet_grid(cut ~ .)

## Warning: `stat(density)` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `after_stat(density)` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

3.5 图上标注文本

#在图上用文本标注
library(ggforce)
dsmall %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
  geom_point() +
  ggforce::geom_mark_ellipse(aes(
    filter = carat > 2.5,
    label = "carat >2.5"))

## Warning: Using the `size` aesthetic in this geom was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` in the `default_aes` field and elsewhere instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.