4 Import background basemap

Use ne_states to get provincial/territorial borders from rnaturalearth package

canada_map <- ne_states(country = 'canada', returnclass = "sf")

4.1 Canada map and Newfoundland subset

• geom_sf function here allow to open the naturalearth map polygon. Inside this function, fill = ifelse () allow to identify with a specific color the Newfoundland and Labrador region.
• coord_sf allow here to set the projection of our choice.
• scale_x_continuous allow to manually set the breaks of the x-axis.

can_map <- ggplot() + 
  geom_sf(data = canada_map, colour = "black", 
          fill = ifelse(canada_map$name == "Newfoundland and Labrador", 
                        'orange', 'white')) + 
  coord_sf(crs = "+proj=lcc +lat_1=49 +lat_2=77 +lon_0=-91.52 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 
           +datum=NAD83 +units=m +no_defs") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(-120, -100, -80, -60)) + 
  theme_bw() 

can_map

Subset the map to Newfoundland part (need for next part of the manual):

map_nl <- canada_map[10,]