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Notițe pentru curs

4 Nor de puncte (scatterplot) 

?flights
head(flights)
## # A tibble: 6 × 19
##    year month   day dep_time sched_dep…¹ dep_d…² arr_t…³ sched…⁴ arr_d…⁵ carrier
##   <int> <int> <int>    <int>       <int>   <dbl>   <int>   <int>   <dbl> <chr>  
## 1  2013     1     1      517         515       2     830     819      11 UA     
## 2  2013     1     1      533         529       4     850     830      20 UA     
## 3  2013     1     1      542         540       2     923     850      33 AA     
## 4  2013     1     1      544         545      -1    1004    1022     -18 B6     
## 5  2013     1     1      554         600      -6     812     837     -25 DL     
## 6  2013     1     1      554         558      -4     740     728      12 UA     
## # … with 9 more variables: flight <int>, tailnum <chr>, origin <chr>,
## #   dest <chr>, air_time <dbl>, distance <dbl>, hour <dbl>, minute <dbl>,
## #   time_hour <dttm>, and abbreviated variable names ¹​sched_dep_time,
## #   ²​dep_delay, ³​arr_time, ⁴​sched_arr_time, ⁵​arr_delay

selectam zborurile din 2013 operate de Alaska Airlines (AS)

zboruri <- flights[(flights$year==2013) & (flights$carrier =='AS'),]

nor de puncte pt dep_delay si arr_delay

ggplot(data=zboruri, aes(x=dep_delay, y=arr_delay))
ggplot(data=zboruri, aes(x=dep_delay, y=arr_delay))+
  geom_point()
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).
  • colorăm toate punctele cu aceeași culoare
  • schimbăm transparența cu alpha - o valoare între 0 și 1.
ggplot(data=zboruri, aes(x=dep_delay, y=arr_delay))+
  geom_point(alpha = 1/5, color='blue')
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

jitter: “zgâlțâim” punctele

ggplot(data=zboruri, aes(x=dep_delay, y=arr_delay))+
  geom_jitter()
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).
ggplot(data=zboruri, aes(x=dep_delay, y=arr_delay))+
  geom_jitter(width=30, height=30)
## Warning: Removed 5 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

4.1 Lucrul cu culori

Lista de culori R se găsește online: Rcolors

grafic1 <- ggplot(data=gapminder_2007_fara_an, aes(x=gdpPercap, y=lifeExp, size=Populatia))+
  geom_point( aes(color=continent))
grafic1
grafic1 <- ggplot(data=gapminder_2007_fara_an, aes(x=gdpPercap, y=lifeExp, size=Populatia))+
  geom_point( color=I('#dcb556'))
grafic1
grafic1 <- ggplot(data=gapminder_2007_fara_an, aes(x=gdpPercap, y=lifeExp, size=Populatia))+
  geom_point( aes(color=continent))
grafic1