Annex

IPC and HS codes

Short name	IPC Code	Description	HS Code	Description
Electric vehicles	B60L	Propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles	870390	Automobiles nes including gas turbine powered
Wind motors	F03D	Wind motors	850231	Wind-powered generating
Batteries	H01M	Processes or means, e.g. Batteries, for the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy	8506	Primary cells and primary batteries
Photovoltaic	H01L	Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for	854140	Photosensitive/photovoltaic/LED semiconductor devices

Table A.1: IPC and HS codes used to measure the selected products

Technological and export proximity

Table A.2: Most similar technologies and export products based on country-level patenting and export activities, Note: While some connections appear to be intuitive, others might encode external factors that drive correlation, Source: Bruegel based on EPO PATSTAT (EPO 2016).