RAGE Updated Analyses

Participant Info

Total N main dataset : 202
Total N extra dataset : 62

N excluded no data main dataset: 0
N excluded no data extra dataset: 0

Final N main dataset: 202
Final N extra dataset: 62

Animal Kinds

Trials in previous work

Same Animal & Different Animal together

Regression

DV = Responses to “same animal” and “different animal” trials scored with agreement with Feppy as lower Fixed effects = participant group, trial type (same vs. different animal), age (continuous), participant group x trial type, participant group x age (continuous), trial type x age (continuous), participant group x trial type x age (continuous) Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Trial order for analyses – animal different is reference group
animal_different_aglow animal_same_aglow
202 202
Estimates for the full model
effect group term estimate std.error statistic df p.value
fixed NA (Intercept) 2.1631 0.1645 13.1502 402 0.0000
fixed NA group_race_gender1 0.0030 0.0359 0.0838 402 0.9333
fixed NA group_race_gender2 0.0285 0.0207 1.3788 402 0.1687
fixed NA trial_type1 -1.6090 0.1635 -9.8431 402 0.0000
fixed NA age_yrs 0.0465 0.0185 2.5141 402 0.0123
fixed NA trial_type1:age_yrs 0.0466 0.0184 2.5336 402 0.0117
ran_pars subjectid sd__(Intercept) 0.0000 NA NA NA NA
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 0.5845 NA NA NA NA
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
.sig01 0.0000 0.1841
.sigma 0.5463 0.6274
(Intercept) 1.8399 2.4862
group_race_gender1 -0.0675 0.0735
group_race_gender2 -0.0121 0.0692
trial_type1 -1.9302 -1.2879
age_yrs 0.0102 0.0829
trial_type1:age_yrs 0.0105 0.0828
Summary for the full model
nobs sigma logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual
402 0.5845 -354.557 725.113 757.085 709.113 394
## SIMPLE SLOPES ANALYSIS 
## 
## Slope of age_yrs when trial_type = animal_same_aglow: 
## 
##   Est.   S.E.   t val.      p
## ------ ------ -------- ------
##   0.09   0.03     3.57   0.00
## 
## Slope of age_yrs when trial_type = animal_different_aglow: 
## 
##    Est.   S.E.   t val.      p
## ------- ------ -------- ------
##   -0.00   0.03    -0.00   1.00

Individual response patterns:

Descriptive—“same animal” trial and “different animal” trial scored as agree or disagree and classified into four distinct response patterns: agree with Feppy on both trials, disagree with Feppy on both trials, agree on same trial and disagree on different trial (predicted response), disagree on same trial and agree on different trial. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 4 groups reported.

Response patterns counts
agree_both agree_same_disagree_dif disagree_both
5 183 13
Response patterns percentages
agree_both agree_same_disagree_dif disagree_both
2.488 91.04 6.468

Gender/Sex

Trials in previous work

Same Assigned Sex, same gender identity (two cis kids of same gender) & different assigned sex, different gender identity (two cis kids of different gender) together

Regression

DV = Responses to “same assigned sex, same gender identity” and “different assigned sex, different gender identity” trials scored with agreement with Feppy as lower Fixed effects = participant group, trial type, age (continuous), participant group x trial type, participant group x age (continuous), trial type x age (continuous), participant group x trial type x age (continuous) Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Trial order for analyses – cisgender different is reference group
cisdifferent cissame
404 202
Estimates for the full model
effect group term estimate std.error statistic df p.value
fixed NA (Intercept) 2.3101 0.3161 7.3086 220.437 0.0000
fixed NA group_race_gender1 -0.1917 0.4010 -0.4782 220.047 0.6330
fixed NA group_race_gender2 0.1678 0.2152 0.7800 220.889 0.4363
fixed NA trial_type1 -1.1020 0.2004 -5.4991 402.684 0.0000
fixed NA age_yrs -0.0023 0.0355 -0.0651 220.382 0.9482
fixed NA group_race_gender1:trial_type1 -0.6695 0.2540 -2.6356 402.355 0.0087
fixed NA group_race_gender2:trial_type1 -0.0837 0.1366 -0.6127 403.064 0.5404
fixed NA group_race_gender1:age_yrs 0.0076 0.0446 0.1698 220.047 0.8653
fixed NA group_race_gender2:age_yrs -0.0148 0.0244 -0.6078 220.756 0.5439
fixed NA trial_type1:age_yrs 0.0416 0.0225 1.8503 402.638 0.0650
fixed NA group_race_gender1:trial_type1:age_yrs 0.0826 0.0283 2.9212 402.355 0.0037
fixed NA group_race_gender2:trial_type1:age_yrs 0.0110 0.0155 0.7082 402.953 0.4792
ran_pars subjectid sd__(Intercept) 0.6050 NA NA NA NA
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 0.8089 NA NA NA NA
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
.sig01 0.5098 0.7070
.sigma 0.7561 0.8682
(Intercept) 1.6880 2.9324
group_race_gender1 -0.9811 0.5976
group_race_gender2 -0.2557 0.5916
trial_type1 -1.4956 -0.7082
age_yrs -0.0721 0.0675
group_race_gender1:trial_type1 -1.1685 -0.1704
group_race_gender2:trial_type1 -0.3519 0.1847
group_race_gender1:age_yrs -0.0803 0.0954
group_race_gender2:age_yrs -0.0628 0.0332
trial_type1:age_yrs -0.0026 0.0858
group_race_gender1:trial_type1:age_yrs 0.0270 0.1381
group_race_gender2:trial_type1:age_yrs -0.0194 0.0413
Summary for the full model
nobs sigma logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual
605 0.8089 -829.524 1687.05 1748.72 1659.05 591

Individual response patterns:

Descriptive—“ same assigned sex, same gender identity” trial and “different assigned sex, different gender identity” trial scored as agree or disagree and classified into four distinct response patterns: agree with Feppy on both trials, disagree with Feppy on both trials, agree on same trial and disagree on different trial (predicted response), disagree on same trial and agree on different trial. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 4 groups reported.

Do children view transgender and cisgender people as qualitatively distinct?

Regression

DV = composite (calculated by averaging across all four trials) with “same assigned sex, different gender identity” scored with agreement with Feppy as lower and “different assigned sex, same gender identity” scored with agreement with Feppy scored as lower Fixed effects = participant group, age (continuous), participant group x age (continuous) interaction Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Estimates for the full model
term estimate std.error statistic p.value
(Intercept) 3.1471 0.2621 12.0090 0.0000
group_race_gender1 -0.0510 0.0568 -0.8980 0.3703
group_race_gender2 0.0173 0.0327 0.5305 0.5963
age_yrs -0.0423 0.0295 -1.4372 0.1522
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
(Intercept) 2.6303 3.6639
group_race_gender1 -0.1629 0.0610
group_race_gender2 -0.0471 0.0818
age_yrs -0.1004 0.0158
Summary for the full model
r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual nobs
0.0172 0.0022 0.6537 1.1493 0.3304 3 -197.73 405.461 421.978 84.1748 197 201

Individual response patterns

Descriptive—each of 2 “same assigned sex, different gender identity” trials scored as agree (0) or disagree (1), and each of 2 “different assigned sex, same gender identity” trials scored as agree (0) or disagree (1), summed together for a score from 0 to 4. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 5 groups reported.

Response patterns counts
0 1 2 3 4
18 22 75 38 48
Response patterns percentages
0 1 2 3 4
8.955 10.95 37.31 18.91 23.88

Do children view sex as determinative or gender identity as determinative?

Regression

DV = composite (calculated by averaging across all four trials) with “same assigned sex, different gender identity” scored with agreement with Feppy as higher and “different assigned sex, same gender identity” scored with agreement with Feppy scored as lower Fixed effects = participant group, age (continuous), participant group x age (continuous) interaction Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Estimates for the full model
term estimate std.error statistic p.value
(Intercept) 2.4570 0.2315 10.6136 0.0000
group_race_gender1 -0.0479 0.0501 -0.9552 0.3407
group_race_gender2 0.0493 0.0289 1.7084 0.0891
age_yrs -0.0286 0.0260 -1.0977 0.2737
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
(Intercept) 2.0005 2.9136
group_race_gender1 -0.1468 0.0510
group_race_gender2 -0.0076 0.1063
age_yrs -0.0799 0.0228
Summary for the full model
r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual nobs
0.0265 0.0117 0.5774 1.7863 0.1511 3 -172.807 355.614 372.131 65.687 197 201

Individual response patterns

Descriptive—each of 2 “same assigned sex, different gender identity” trials scored as agree (1) or disagree (0) and each of 2 “different assigned sex, same gender identity” trials scored as agree (0) or disagree (1) summed together for a score from 0 to 4. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 5 groups reported.

Response patterns counts
0 1 2 3 4
52 42 85 18 4
Response patterns percentages
0 1 2 3 4
25.87 20.9 42.29 8.955 1.99

Race

Trials in previous work

Same race & different race together

Regression

DV = Responses to “same race” and “different race” trials scored with agreement with Feppy as lower
Fixed effects = participant group, trial type, age (continuous), participant group x trial type, participant group x age (continuous), trial type x age (continuous), participant group x trial type x age (continuous) Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Trial order for analyses – monoracial different is reference group
monodifferent monosame
404 202
Estimates for the full model
effect group term estimate std.error statistic df p.value
fixed NA (Intercept) 3.7771 0.3649 10.3506 201.259 0.0000
fixed NA group_race_gender1 0.0170 0.0796 0.2135 201.000 0.8312
fixed NA group_race_gender2 0.0736 0.0459 1.6048 201.000 0.1101
fixed NA trial_type1 -0.2463 0.0278 -8.8683 402.000 0.0000
fixed NA age_yrs -0.1335 0.0410 -3.2528 201.000 0.0013
ran_pars subjectid sd__(Intercept) 0.8381 NA NA NA NA
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 0.6429 NA NA NA NA
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
.sig01 0.7457 0.9442
.sigma 0.6009 0.6900
(Intercept) 3.0584 4.4957
group_race_gender1 -0.1397 0.1737
group_race_gender2 -0.0167 0.1639
trial_type1 -0.3008 -0.1917
age_yrs -0.2143 -0.0527
Summary for the full model
nobs sigma logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual
603 0.6429 -770.951 1555.9 1586.71 1541.9 596

Individual response patterns:

Descriptive—“ same race” trial and “different race” trial scored as agree or disagree and classified into four distinct response patterns: agree with Feppy on both trials, disagree with Feppy on both trials, agree on same trial and disagree on different trial (predicted response), disagree on same trial and agree on different trial. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 4 groups reported.

Do children view multiracial and monoracial people as qualitatively distinct?

Regression

DV = composite (calculated by averaging across all four trials) with “Multi + Black” scored with agreement with Feppy as lower and “Multi + White” scored with agreement with Feppy scored as lower Fixed effects = participant group, age (continuous), participant group x age (continuous) interaction Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Estimates for the full model
term estimate std.error statistic p.value
(Intercept) 4.0782 0.3661 11.1407 0.0000
group_race_gender1 0.0328 0.0798 0.4106 0.6818
group_race_gender2 0.0448 0.0462 0.9694 0.3335
age_yrs -0.1575 0.0412 -3.8268 0.0002
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
(Intercept) 3.3563 4.8001
group_race_gender1 -0.1246 0.1901
group_race_gender2 -0.0463 0.1360
age_yrs -0.2387 -0.0764
Summary for the full model
r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual nobs
0.0764 0.0623 0.9191 5.4051 0.0014 3 -264.906 539.812 556.304 165.588 196 200

Individual response patterns

Descriptive—each of 2 “Multi + Black” trials scored as agree (0) or disagree (1) and each of 2 “Multi + White” trials scored as agree (0) or disagree (1) summed together for a score from 0 to 4. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 5 groups reported.

Response patterns counts
0 1 2 3 4
51 21 22 29 77
Response patterns percentages
0 1 2 3 4
25.5 10.5 11 14.5 38.5

Do children engage in hypodescent or hyperdescent?

Hypodescent scored as higher, thus hyperdescent scored as lower

Regression

DV = composite (calculated by averaging across all four trials) with “Multi + Black” scored with agreement with Feppy as higher and “Multi + White” scored with agreement with Feppy scored as lower Fixed effects = participant group, age (continuous), participant group x age (continuous) interaction Random effects = participant

Condition order for analyses – monoracial cisgender is reference group
Monoracial Cisgender Monoracial Transgender Multiracial Cisgender
71 63 68
Estimates for the full model
term estimate std.error statistic p.value
(Intercept) 2.5083 0.1121 22.3711 0.0000
group_race_gender1 0.0648 0.1421 0.4562 0.6488
group_race_gender2 -0.1814 0.0764 -2.3742 0.0186
age_yrs -0.0017 0.0126 -0.1339 0.8936
group_race_gender1:age_yrs -0.0120 0.0158 -0.7599 0.4482
group_race_gender2:age_yrs 0.0190 0.0086 2.2035 0.0287
Confidence intervals for the full model
2.5 % 97.5 %
(Intercept) 2.2872 2.7295
group_race_gender1 -0.2155 0.3452
group_race_gender2 -0.3321 -0.0307
age_yrs -0.0265 0.0231
group_race_gender1:age_yrs -0.0432 0.0192
group_race_gender2:age_yrs 0.0020 0.0361
Summary for the full model
r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df logLik AIC BIC deviance df.residual nobs
0.0489 0.0244 0.2772 1.996 0.0809 5 -24.1283 62.2566 85.3448 14.9054 194 200
## SIMPLE SLOPES ANALYSIS 
## 
## Slope of age_yrs when group_race_gender = Multiracial Cisgender: 
## 
##   Est.   S.E.   t val.      p
## ------ ------ -------- ------
##   0.04   0.02     1.77   0.08
## 
## Slope of age_yrs when group_race_gender = Monoracial Transgender: 
## 
##    Est.   S.E.   t val.      p
## ------- ------ -------- ------
##   -0.03   0.02    -1.35   0.18
## 
## Slope of age_yrs when group_race_gender = Monoracial Cisgender: 
## 
##    Est.   S.E.   t val.      p
## ------- ------ -------- ------
##   -0.01   0.02    -0.43   0.67

Individual response patterns

Descriptive—each of 2 “Multi + Black” trials scored as agree (1) or disagree (0) and each of 2 “Multi + White” trials scored as agree (0) or disagree (1) summed together for a score from 0 to 4. Counts and corresponding percentages of participants falling into each of the 5 groups reported.

Response patterns counts
0 1 2 3 4
6 30 142 20 2
Response patterns percentages
0 1 2 3 4
3 15 71 10 1